Reddit mentions: The best medical sciences books

I'll just add here.

It seems intimidating at first. But it builds up just like math.

Personally, I really recommend Cambell's Biology as an introductory text. It is really great to start with. It explains things well, and maintains simplicity in explanations without sacrificing complexity at your level.

There is a big difference in how one studies biology vs mathematics. Mathematics is pretty much all problems, and thinking about those problems and concepts. Biology you generally don't have access to huge problem sets. You're lucky to find 30 multiple choice problems/chapter. It is mainly thinking about concepts in depth, over and over again critically, and memorizing details.

There are many ways of memorizing. The classic way many undergrads will do initially just memorize words. I think the best way is active learning. Ex: understanding exactly why things pass through the phospholipid bilayer and the various mechanisms they do(passive diffusion, primary and secondary active transport etc.) will allow you to predict whether things will pass through or not. I remember in my undergraduate cell biology class. My professor would mention an random molecule. Then we'd have to predict based on chemical structure if it would go through or not.

In biology things repeat themselves over and over again.

If you want to get into neuroscience texts. I'd recommend just getting through cambell's biology, and preferably a basic knowledge of chemistry as well. This will allow you to critically think about biology better. Truthfully, it is hard to truly understand why things happen unless you take organic chem and biochem. however you aren't trying to be a biologist or physician. So you can go as far as you feel you need to go.

If you need help I am a doctor and biomedical engineer. So I can certainly provide some assistance.

In biology, general study methods are...

Compare and Contrast Similar and Disimilar topics. You get a better conceptual understanding between hemidesmosomes, desomosomes, gap junctions, tight junctions and all of these cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions by comparing and contrast

Understand the chemistry behind why something happens. This may not make sense now, but if you know where ATP and ADP+Pi cycles occur in kinesins and dyneins, you will understand why each is attracted to opposinmg electrochemical polarities.

Learn words as images. When someone saids something like axon hillock, a picture should pop into your head. It makes it much easier to learn things if you visualize it in biology.

Biology is probably one of the few areas of science where things are ALWAYS changing. What we knew 5 years ago may not be the same today. So getting an up to date textbook is important. If it is older than like 3-4 years, it is probably not worth getting with some exceptions.
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Here are some texts I recommend

Basic Biology: https://www.amazon.com/Campbell-Biology-10th-Jane-Reece/dp/0321775651/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1484097281&sr=8-1&keywords=campbell+biology

Biophysics: https://www.amazon.com/Biological-Physics-New-David-Goodsell/dp/0716798972/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1484097568&sr=8-1&keywords=Biophysics

-I think this text is probably the best for you to start with since you have a mathematics background and the book takes a mathematics/physics approach to biology rather than a biology approach to physics/math. So you may enjoy this to start. Read the comments and evaluate yourself I suppose.

Cell Biology: https://www.amazon.com/Cell-Molecular-Approach-Seventh/dp/160535290X/ref=sr_1_11?
ie=UTF8&qid=1484097587&sr=8-11&keywords=Cell+Biology

-Everyone has different preferences for cell biology texts. It is such an up and coming field that there really is no best text. Personally this is one of my favorites. The images are beautiful, the explanations are as fantastic as they are going to be. This is a heavy duty text and is probably a sophomore/junior biology text. So don't go through this before Campbell. It also takes an experimental approach. Read them. Experiments in biology are like proofs in math. It's important to understand how we discovered something.

Neuroscience: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0071390111/ref=wl_it_dp_o_pC_nS_ttl?_encoding=UTF8&colid=3QI2HWYNLVU1I&coliid=I1OCX5XH50BMBO

This is my favorite. I have it on my shelf right now. Great reference for me as a physician if I need to review some neuro concept I have forgotten. A lot of my neurosurgery/neurology colleagues swear by it.

Neuroanatomy: https://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-Illustrated-Colour-Text-5e/dp/0702054054/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1484098053&sr=8-4&keywords=Neuroanatomy

This is my favorite as a sole neuroanatomy text. however Netter's Anatomy is my absolute favorite anatomical text, the pictures are gorgeous especially neuroanatomy. however for someone like you, a dedicated neuroanatomy text may or may not be necessary. It is generally a text intended for clinicians, however anatomy is anatomy lol.

I hope I offered some resources to get you started!

We used this textbook in my pathophysiology class and I found it to be extremely helpful, although it did tend to go more in-depth than what was required for the course in regards to some concepts (but hey, knowledge is power, right? haha). To be honest, I found pathophysiology to be a breeze because I had a very strong A&P background and most of the class coincided with my former A&P II class. You might want to brush up a bit on your body systems before the class starts as a refresher, but I've found that patho often fills in some of the gaps you missed in A&P initially.

One of the things that was most helpful for both me and other students was to create a page with a concept map for every disease like this. It was something our professors strongly encouraged and really helped to break down some of the more complex diseases, especially come time for finals.

Sometimes reading the wikipedia article for some diseases helped when the textbook became too overwhelming. If I didn't fully understand something in the textbook, I'd use alternative resources online to get a better picture.

It sounds like you're very prepared and driven, so I wouldn't stress out too much! Just make sure you do your readings and study, study, study. Definitely learn your lab values and pH shifts (metabolic/respiratory alkalosis/acidosis), you'll be thankful later on if you do. :)

It may be a bit specific/higher level than you are looking for as I used it in medical school, but I really liked Nolte's The Human Brain. It is a very readable and interesting text but may be more specific than what you are looking for (I may be able to scrounge up a pdf if you PM me)

Aside from that I also highly recommend Purves as others have. Another good one that deals with more of the brain behavior link and neuropsych side is Biological Psychology by Kalat.

Best of luck! I was a neuroscience undergrad and loved it.

Edit: look for used or one edition old if you want to buy them - will save you a lot

I'm not a doctor but a medical writer who has been obsessed with medicine since I was a kid. Hmm, let me throw out some stuff...

YouTube is a treasure trove. Hank Green's SciShow is an excellent place to start. He's the nerdy, passionate science teacher we all deserve to have.

ZDoggMd makes video parodies that are also suitable for kids. He rewords pop songs with a medical education message.

Medicalstudent.com is a collection of free medical textbooks. Still one of the best-curated lists and non-commercial.

Textbooks can't be beat for learning the fundamentals. Most texts aren't appropriate for children, but the "Made Ridiculously Simple" series is an exception. These books are for med students and it break key concepts down with cartoony illustrations. Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple is the best, IMO.

Netter's anatomy flashcards are awesome. They aren't cheap, but I bet your daughter would love them.

This should satisfy your daughter for a week or two. ;)

1. Eat your pancakes every day. If you don't know what I mean, watch this video.
   
2. Use flashcards. Anki or Firecracker. Pick one (don't do both!) and stick with it. Here's the medical school Anki subreddit. Here's the Firecracker page. Anki is free, but that has it's issues. Firecracker is expensive, but you get some good stuff with it (including an NBME Anatomy practice exam).
   
3. Use a Pomodoro timer. Google it. I follow the basic scheme of 25 on/5 off, with a 30 minute break after 4 Pomodoros. I usually work through my 5 minute breaks but always take the 30 minute break.
   
4. For Anatomy → acquire a copy of the Gray's Anatomy Review book and do all the questions. All of them. Use the UMich anatomy website for more help.
   
5. For Histology → I sort of floundered through this class so I don't have much advice to give other than don't just memorize the picture, understand what you are looking at.
   
6. Treat it like a full-time job that has overtime. You're expected to work 8-5 knowing that you'll also have to work from 5pm-8pm.
   
7. I cannot emphasize this enough - lots of cocaine! - Just kidding, I saw this on a meme elsewhere and wanted to throw this in.
   
   ​
   
   Are you by chance going to a school in the south? Perhaps one dedicated to Honest Abe?

I'm currently taking anatomy and the [High Yield Anatomy] (https://www.amazon.com/High-YieldTM-Gross-Anatomy-High-Yield-Ronald/dp/1451190239/ref=dp_ob_title_bk) has been a life saver.

It's the best: concise & practical. Much better than BRS, much better than my textbook (Moore's.)

Standalone it's not enough though. I would complement it with an Atlas, Netter's is what I'm using, and practice questions. I like Gray's.

Kaplan lecture videos have been immensely helpful in understanding both the anatomy & embryology. I recommend them immensely. But if you don't want to opt for a subscription, the Noted Anatomist on YouTube will help you digest the High Yield review book. (I would opt for the subscription though.)

Our Med school's anatomy and embryology course is not only conjoined, but lasts a total of three-months. So if you want to cram anatomy, yet learn it well, consider what I write.

Best of luck :)

I strongly recommend that you take some time to travel and enjoy yourself.
No matter what you do to prepare, you are going to be studying and working constantly. Every day will be a constant stream of new knowledge, to the point where anything you study beforehand about, say, EKG's, will need to be pushed out of your mind for starting two months of intensely focusing on the kidney or liver.
I was a kinesiology major focusing heavily on anatomy and physiology. I've worked in physical therapy, an ENT clinic as a scribe, shadowed, etc before school. Despite my history, I still had to re-learn everything in fields that I thought I knew according to the way I would be tested on it or for the boards. This is especially true concerning medications, your Pharmacology or Clin Med courses will tell you what you use to treat a disorder first line, no matter what you've seen in practice.

With that said, if you really are itching to read or prep, I suggest reading Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple which is a great overview of all the components of physiology along with clever ways to remember them. This is a great reference to use during school.
You can also look through medical terminology, many programs will have you "test out" of this at the beginning to continue or it will help you to more quickly identify the disorders etc. in your lectures.

It never hurts to brush up on anatomy, this will be one of your more overwhelming courses content-wise.
good luck!

Did your ATHEISM RULEZ blogs teach you how to roleplay? Lol, calling yourself a bio major and not recognizing the different between cells and organisms.

What you won't read in your ATHEISM RULEZ blogs:

Human development starts at conception; it's an established biological fact.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_development_(biology)

>Human development is the process of growing to maturity. In biological terms, this entails growth from a one-celled zygote to an adult human being.

http://www.ehd.org/science_main.php?level=i

>The dynamic process by which the single-cell human embryo (called a zygote (zi’got),1 becomes a 100 trillion-cell (1014) adult2 is perhaps the most remarkable phenomenon in all of nature.3 We invite you to join us as we review the beginning of this remarkable process.

>Long before we are born, most body parts found in the adult and all body systems are present and most routine body functions are operative.4 By studying human development from fertilization to birth, we will see these body parts and body systems emerge and learn when many routine body functions begin.5 Human development is a continuous process beginning with fertilization and continuing throughout pregnancy, birth, childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and into old age.

#1 selling Embryology book

>Literally, embryology refers to the study of embryos; however, the term generally means prenatal development of embryos and fetuses. Developmental anatomy refers to the structural changes of a person from fertilization to adulthood.

MORE

>"Development of the embryo begins at Stage 1 when a sperm fertilizes an oocyte and together they form a zygote."
[England, Marjorie A. Life Before Birth. 2nd ed. England: Mosby-Wolfe, 1996, p.31]


>"Human development begins after the union of male and female gametes or germ cells during a process known as fertilization (conception).
"Fertilization is a sequence of events that begins with the contact of a sperm (spermatozoon) with a secondary oocyte (ovum) and ends with the fusion of their pronuclei (the haploid nuclei of the sperm and ovum) and the mingling of their chromosomes to form a new cell. This fertilized ovum, known as a zygote, is a large diploid cell that is the beginning, or primordium, of a human being."
[Moore, Keith L. Essentials of Human Embryology. Toronto: B.C. Decker Inc, 1988, p.2]


>"Embryo: the developing organism from the time of fertilization until significant differentiation has occurred, when the organism becomes known as a fetus."
[Cloning Human Beings. Report and Recommendations of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Rockville, MD: GPO, 1997, Appendix-2.]


>"Embryo: An organism in the earliest stage of development; in a man, from the time of conception to the end of the second month in the uterus."
[Dox, Ida G. et al. The Harper Collins Illustrated Medical Dictionary. New York: Harper Perennial, 1993, p. 146]


>"Embryo: The early developing fertilized egg that is growing into another individual of the species. In man the term 'embryo' is usually restricted to the period of development from fertilization until the end of the eighth week of pregnancy."
[Walters, William and Singer, Peter (eds.). Test-Tube Babies. Melbourne: Oxford University Press, 1982, p. 160]


>"The development of a human being begins with fertilization, a process by which two highly specialized cells, the spermatozoon from the male and the oocyte from the female, unite to give rise to a new organism, the zygote."
[Langman, Jan. Medical Embryology. 3rd edition. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 1975, p. 3]


>"Embryo: The developing individual between the union of the germ cells and the completion of the organs which characterize its body when it becomes a separate organism.... At the moment the sperm cell of the human male meets the ovum of the female and the union results in a fertilized ovum (zygote), a new life has begun.... The term embryo covers the several stages of early development from conception to the ninth or tenth week of life."
[Considine, Douglas (ed.). Van Nostrand's Scientific Encyclopedia. 5th edition. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976, p. 943]


>"I would say that among most scientists, the word 'embryo' includes the time from after fertilization..."
[Dr. John Eppig, Senior Staff Scientist, Jackson Laboratory (Bar Harbor, Maine) and Member of the NIH Human Embryo Research Panel -- Panel Transcript, February 2, 1994, p. 31]


>"The development of a human begins with fertilization, a process by which the spermatozoon from the male and the oocyte from the female unite to give rise to a new organism, the zygote."
[Sadler, T.W. Langman's Medical Embryology. 7th edition. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins 1995, p. 3]


>"The question came up of what is an embryo, when does an embryo exist, when does it occur. I think, as you know, that in development, life is a continuum.... But I think one of the useful definitions that has come out, especially from Germany, has been the stage at which these two nuclei [from sperm and egg] come together and the membranes between the two break down."
[Jonathan Van Blerkom of University of Colorado, expert witness on human embryology before the NIH Human Embryo Research Panel -- Panel Transcript, February 2, 1994, p. 63]


>"Zygote. This cell, formed by the union of an ovum and a sperm (Gr. zyg tos, yoked together), represents the beginning of a human being. The common expression 'fertilized ovum' refers to the zygote."
[Moore, Keith L. and Persaud, T.V.N. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology and Birth Defects. 4th edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company, 1993, p. 1]


>"The chromosomes of the oocyte and sperm are...respectively enclosed within female and male pronuclei. These pronuclei fuse with each other to produce the single, diploid, 2N nucleus of the fertilized zygote. This moment of zygote formation may be taken as the beginning or zero time point of embryonic development."
[Larsen, William J. Human Embryology. 2nd edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone, 1997, p. 17]


>"Although life is a continuous process, fertilization is a critical landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new, genetically distinct human organism is thereby formed.... The combination of 23 chromosomes present in each pronucleus results in 46 chromosomes in the zygote. Thus the diploid number is restored and the embryonic genome is formed. The embryo now exists as a genetic unity."
[O'Rahilly, Ronan and M�ller, Fabiola. Human Embryology & Teratology. 2nd edition. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1996, pp. 8, 29. This textbook lists "pre-embryo" among "discarded and replaced terms" in modern embryology, describing it as "ill-defined and inaccurate" (p. 12}]


>"Almost all higher animals start their lives from a single cell, the fertilized ovum (zygote)... The time of fertilization represents the starting point in the life history, or ontogeny, of the individual."
[Carlson, Bruce M. Patten's Foundations of Embryology. 6th edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996, p. 3]

ABORTIONISTS ADMIT TO KILLING


So if you're going to role play, at least make it more believable.

I don't really know what's a freshman, but try Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy and Color Atlas of Physiology.

They are like the little (somewhat unknown) brothers of the other recommended here, but they can become extremely useful. When I need to understand something I go to the small, easy to handle, simple books, and once I've understood that, I dig in the others to get more information.

If you want something bigger, Gray's Anatomy for Students and Prometheus are simply great. In Physiology... I've never really liked Guyton, but it's a good book.

Lange Pathophysiology of Disease (http://www.amazon.com/Pathophysiology-Disease-Introduction-Clinical-Medicine/dp/0071806008/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1462138694&sr=1-1&keywords=lange+pathophysiology)-- EDIT: Has a good section on diabetes but is also expensive with a ton of additional diseases. I can try to take some pictures of the diabetes section if youd like.

This is a good youtube video on the different classes of medication:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IMLVbEzM0DI

The basics come down to Type I is autoimmune: your body has created antibodies for the beta cells in the pancreas, the cells that produce insulin, which tags the cells for destruction by the immune system.
Type II: Caused by decrease insulin secretion and insulin resistance; meaning that the insulin produced by the pancreas does not stimulate cells to take up glucose. Central adipose tissue (belly fat) promotes the insulin resistance (a number of cytokines and other factors are released, I can give more info if you want). Interestingly, Type II has a stronger genetic component than Type I.

Let me know if you have any other questions. This is really basic but I think gives a good general idea of what is going on.

The hand book of NSG is a must

Neurocritical Care is a must if you have a MICU/SICU

Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases is a good textbook which focuses on all the major points and many fine details you will need to know as you go through your career. I use this book when I make lectures.

You'll also want to read some review articles on ICP management, vasospasm dx and tx following SAH, hypertonic saline, neuro imaging.

There are some youtube videos that will help get you started with imaging:

For Head CT

For C-spine CT

For MRI in general

For Lumbar MRI

I recommend referring back to these resources as you see patients with the afflictions as it will help it stick. If you just read about things without using them in practice I think you'll find it is easily forgotten. Best of luck!

Janeway's a great reference for a uni course but can be very verbose/dry if you're just starting or doing it for pleasure. I recommend Sompayrac she does a great job of explaining the core concepts in an easy to grasp manner which you will need before you go deeper.

If you want the standard sequence of Neuroscience textbooks, there is a rough ordering of 3 common books. Each are very comprehensive and more than you would likely be able to read cover to cover, but they get more sophisticated and comprehensive as you go. The last one specifically is essentially the bible of neuroscience and you will be hard pressed to find a more comprehensive coverage of any of the topics outside a specialised textbooks or research papers.

These books will cover the general overview of neuroanatomy, physiology, pharmacology and pathology but if you want to go further in depth, there are more advanced books for each of those and dozens of other subfields.

1. Purves - Neuroscience
   
2. Bear - Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
   
3. Kandel - Principles of Neural Science
   
   I would specifically recommend Nolte - The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy as an exceptional example of a specialised text. Unfortunately, I do not recall the neurpharmacology text that I used, but it was very good too. I shall look it up and get back to you! For a more general introduction to pharmacology, the standard text is Rand and Dale - Pharmacology.

To add to this /u/violeur-chein I found a few decent looking books on UK amazon

Physiology for nurses at a Glance - £16.51 The cheapest, but no reviews so idk how good it really is.


Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology: An Essential Guide for Nursing and Healthcare Students - £27.33 One review, says it's a broad but shallow book, kinda what you're looking for.

Fundamentals of Anatomy and Physiology: For Nursing and Healthcare Students - £25.32

The last one seems to have the best reviews, & seems to not require any prior knowledge beyond high school bio level. Reported to give a pretty comprehensive coverage of each subject.

That's just a little searching, but hopefully gives you ideas or something to compare to.

His descriptions of what happens in people with "split brains" is pretty accurate. It's truly fascinating what happens when you separate parts of the brain. (By far the coolest in my opinion is left-sided hemi neglect, where the patient just does not acknowledge the left side of things existed - they will shave only the right side of their face, only draw the right side of a clock, etc.)

Most of what he discussed can be found in most neuro textbooks. As far as the "who is you" part of the question, I think that's best found in the philosophy section.

If you're interested in a specific textbook, I've enjoyed (as much as one can enjoy medical school) the neuroanatomy through clinical cases book

Costanzo is really what you need.

​

It is a pretty easy read, and it gives excellent well-rounded basic science in a fairly easy-to-digest format.

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If you want a second companion book, I would get "Pathophysiology of Disease: An Introduction to Clinical Medicine" published by Lange, authors Gary D. Hammer and Stephen J. Mcphee. It is excellent, high yield for boards, and a great integration.

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I own it, and it's one of the few books I actually used regularly besides Constanzo and Pathoma. The few bad ratings are typically from nurses, which makes sense... this isn't written for nursing students or NPs, it's written for MDs. The extra basic science knowledge we have (are supposed to have, anyways) makes the difference IMO.


Seriously, it's a great buy. The new edition comes out in 2 weeks, not sure if there are any major changes. I have the 7e, which is 56 bucks now vs the 86 for the new edition.

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THis would be an excellent book to develop an Anki deck around IMO.

In grad school we used Vander's Renal Physiology. https://www.amazon.com/Vanders-Renal-Physiology-Eighth-Medical/dp/0071797483

Short-ish text. Good info throughout. We also coupled it with case studies about things like dilutional hyponatremia, diabetes (mellitus and insipidus), pheochromocytoma, rhabdomyolysis, and acute glomerulonephritis (to name but a few).

Topics that helped me feel like I'd mastered renal phys included being able to talk about/answer: what is the master blood pressure regulator- brain, heart, or kidneys? Explain countercurrent flow. Explain RAS. Be able to discuss metabolic and respiratory compensation for changes in acid/base chemistry.

Enjoy, renal phys was my favorite system I studied.

Let me explain why I brought up dyslexia as a common comorbidity of having problems expressing yourself and adhd, but first lets talk about language. I will get back to dyslexia and ADHD. Do note while my post is long, I provide lots of links to pictures.

I am going to be using a lot of images from a biology textbook called Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavorial, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroscience. Mostly from Chapter 19 which deals with language, while I am going to provide specific images you may find it useful to read the visual summary if you want more info.

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs19.html

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Put simply to do language you are going to use multiple regions of the brain together as a circuit. See here

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/vs1905.png

You are going to use areas in the back of the brain tied to vision, then you are going to pass that information to a multisensory processing area where your brain combines the senses and figures out what to do (aka you are forming the visual images in your mind before you think of the words that correspond to the visual images). You are then going to pass the information once again to a multisensory processing area but this area is more auditory based, followed by you passing the information to a specific area of the frontal lobe that is very close to the prefrontal areas which is tied to language, but also attention, sequencing of data, and response inhibition (stopping impulsivity) but also activation (aka release the brake and now go). This information is then passed to premotor and supplementary motor areas which is then passed to the motor areas. And during all these steps there are inbetween fine tunning by the subcortical brain areas such as the cerebellum and the basal ganglia.

Now I was trying to explain all of that without using medical terms but here is the names for those brain areas

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/lowres/BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-19-07-0.jpg


 

 

And here is a diagram that compares speaking a heard word and speaking a word you read off a piece of paper. When you are composing inside of your head without mental feedback and you are imaging what you are going to say your thought process looks more like speaking a word you read off a piece of paper for you use more of the visual areas to visualize in your mind's eye what you are going to do and say.

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/lowres/BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-19-09-0.jpg


 

 

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Now we know things like head injuries and lesions to specific brain injuries to specific brain injuries can all disrupt speech but if the area is localized to specific regions you may only have some problems with certain aspects of language. When language problems are caused by some form of trauma we call this aphasia.

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/artWin.html?BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Table-19-01-0.jpg


 

 

And people with different types of aphasia may have different problems. Like a person with expressive aphasia may know what they want to say and they can draw what they want to say but they can't find the words for it. While people with receptive aphasia have problems understanding language. Now receptive aphasia can be more than this where people accidentally skip words in their explanations that are crucial in the sentence, or they have anomia where they know what they want to say (the word is on the tip of their tongue) but they can't remember it, or they do an unintentional word subsitution subsituting another word with a similar sound or meaning, sometimes they mess up not the grammar of the sentence but the word tense, or use the wrong pronoun (like her vs she)

• A subtype of this with additional issues with the left and right half of the back of the brain not talking as well as they should is Dysprosody sometimes called foreign accent syndrome for you do not talk with the local accent / family accent. People with dysprosody have problems with the timing of sounds and things like rhythm, cadence, pitch, and movement of words. They can't tell when you are inflecting or not. This is quite important for they do not get a lot of important information in communication such as emotional tone and inflection which can rapidly changing the meaning of something. Most humans are annoyed by synthetic computer speak for it just sounds wrong, now imagine if everyone spoke like that and you were not familiar with what most of us would consider normal speaking.
  
   
  
   
  
  Now all of these issues I described were studied in people with head injuries. That said we see much the same pattern of behavior with many different types of disorders, one of which is autism, but another of which and is completely separate is dyslexia.
  
  Now with dyslexia many brain regions are implicated and some of them are the same areas I have shown above
  
  http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs19.html (go to slide 6)
  
  In many forms of dyslexia you are not using the back of the brain areas tied with the early visual information which is passed to the angular gyrus which is passed to the wernicke area. See picture
  
  http://www.hoperesourcecentre.com/wp-content/uploads/Brain-Illustration-CellfieldCanada.jpg
  
  And you are trying to compensate for all of this information with actually using more of the frontal lobe to compensate for these areas. Well the frontal lobe is not designed to do such a thing its arrangement and types of nerve cells are different.
  
   
  
   
  
  Now its not just that picture I showed you, its also some of the subcortical areas such as these areas I am about to post here
  
  http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs18/artWin.html?BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-18-15-0.jpg
  
  Involving the thalamus and an area known as the pulvinar, as well as certain areas of the brainstem, and certain areas of the cerebellum mainly vermis 6 and vermis 7 (often labeled VI and VII)
  
  http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/156522/fnins-09-00296-HTML/image_m/fnins-09-00296-g002.jpg
  
  These parts of the cerebellum are used for multiple functions but they are often called the occular motor areas of the cerebellum. They are also involved with the control of attention and shifting smoothing from one object to another for one of the purposes of the cerebellum is to "fill in the blanks" between gaps. Imagine you were watch a film but instead of watching a video you were seeing slide by slide, well the cerebellum along with the thalamus and brain stem regions are used in the predicition of what is going to happen next and smooth movements of the eyes, while other areas in the frontal lobe are more involved with figuring out these things are important so why don't we set this as the new priority of what to look at and the rest of the brain figures out how best to move there.
  
  https://kin450-neurophysiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/SACCCAAADDDEEESSS.jpeg/393831860/480x346/SACCCAAADDDEEESSS.jpeg
  
   
  
   
  
  Now if you have not probably figured out there is a connection to all of these brain regions with ADHD. Some ADHD people have these issues, but if you have these issues you are also more likely to have ADHD.
  
  If you look at the previous chapter 18 of Biological Psychology you will see this picture on slide 6
  
  http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs18/artWin.html?BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-18-16-0.jpg
  
  There are two attention networks here. The top attention network is known as the frontal parietal control network where it controls and and it also modulates the dorsal attention/perception network. While a second bottom network in orange involves the frontal lobe and connects to areas shared both with the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe where they meet and the surrounding areas, this bottom attention network is more with detecting new things and novel things, while the top network keeps you on track and looks for the goals held within working memory to solve the problems.
  
  If you have not noticed the same areas of the brain that make it hard to express onceself with language, are also the same areas that are common in dyslexia, and are the intersection of two of key networks tied with attention (now there are more than those two networks I just showed you with ADHD but now you understand why there is a connection.)
  
  (Now most of pictures I linked to came from Biological Psychology by Breedlove and Watson, this is an introductory college text meant for undergraduate use. It will not go into all the stuff involving the brain with attention and such, other books made by the same publishing company (Sinaeur) but done by other authors are better if you are mainly wanting to talk about attention instead of language such as
  
  Sensation and Perception
  
  Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases
  
  Dale Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition
  
  And Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience

Everyone basically just goes through the lecture slides +/- random Googling and UpToDate. (Maybe looking at the odd textbook if something is suggested, but usually they're more "reference" books and not great "teaching" books.)

I really wish I had come across this sub sooner (like M1) because having recommendations like Costanzo (physiology), How the Immune System Works, as well as the usual Pathoma, B&B, etc. would have been amazing to supplement lectures that weren't so great.

In terms of what we're really missing out on though, I think the single most useful thing is probably QBanks. It's hard to walk into exams without ever having had practice questions to do before so depending on your goals (like if you want to write Step or not) UWorld / Rx / Kaplan might be something to consider.

I used Anki on and off, but it was honestly really difficult to pick out what details we'd actually be tested on based on our lecture material so it wasn't always a great use of time.

>I have never heard anyone say that a zygote is a individual organism, it isn't a distinct species, its simply a stage of early fetus development in humans.

At this point you're just arguing genetics with genetics textbooks and other reputable sources that agree, a distinct human being is created at fertilization:

1. “A zygote [fertilized egg] is the beginning of a new human being.”
   
   1. Keith L. Moore’s The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2003)
      
2. “[The zygote], formed by the union of an oocyte and a sperm, is the beginning of a new human being.”
   
   1. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2008, p. 2)
      
3. “Fertilization is an important landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new, genetically distinct human organism is thereby formed[.]”
   
   1. Human Embryology & Teratology (Ronan R. O’Rahilly, Fabiola Muller [New York: Wiley-Liss, 1996], 5-55)
      
4. “Although life is a continuous process, fertilization … is a critical landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new genetically distinct human organism is formed when the chromosomes of the male and female pronuclei blend in the oocyte.”
   
   1. Ronan O’Rahilly and Fabiola Miller, Human Embryology and Teratology [3rd edition, New York: Wiley-Liss, 2001, p. 8]
      
5. “Embryo: The developing individual between the union of the germ cells and the completion of the organs which characterize its body when it becomes a separate organism. … At the moment the sperm cell of the human male meets the ovum of the female and the union results in a fertilized ovum (zygote), a new life has begun[.]”
   
   1. Considine, Douglas [ed.], Van Nostrand’s Scientific Encyclopedia, 5th edition, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976, p. 943
      
6. “Almost all higher animals start their lives from a single cell, the fertilized ovum (zygote)[.] … The time of fertilization represents the starting point in the life history, or ontogeny, of the individual.”
   
   1. Carlson, Bruce M. Patten’s Foundations of Embryology, 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996, p. 3
      
7. “To accept the fact that after fertilization has taken place a new human has come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion … it is plain experimental evidence. Each individual has a very neat beginning, at conception.”
   
   1. “Father of Modern Genetics” Dr. Jerome Lejeune Congressional Testimony
      
8. “Zygote: The single-celled organism that results from the joining of the egg and sperm.”
   
   1. Planned Parenthood
      
9. "The sperm and egg merge to form a little single-celled organism called a zygote, which consists of the 23 chromosomes from the man's sperm and the 23 chromosomes from the female's egg.”
   
   1. HowStuffWorks
      
10. “Zygote : fertilized egg; one-celled organism;”
    
    1. Oklahoma School of Math and Science
       
11. "Organism, being a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently"
    
    1. Hyperdictionary.com
       
12. "Conception and Fertilization! The egg and sperm meet, creating a single cell organism called a zygote."
    
    1. Pregnancy.org
       
13. "The egg and sperm will meet, creating a single cell organism called a zygote "
    
    1. Maternity Corner
       
14. "When sperm reaches and is able to fertilize a female's egg, the first building block of life is created in the form of a one-cell organism called a zygote."
    
    1. Ehow.com
       
15. "Upon the uniting of a sperm and an ovum, a single celled organism called a “zygote” is formed. This single celled organism consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, in other words, 46 single chromosomes, of which 23 are inherited from father and the remaining 23 are inherited from the mother. "
    
    1. Educational Weblog
       
16. "If a woman has intercourse around the time of ovulation, one sperm cell out of millions of sperm that are deposited into the vagina, may fertilize the egg within the fallopian tube. The result is a single-celled organism called a zygote."
    
    1. Basic Reproductive Biology for Lawyers ; Anne Borkowski, MD
       
17. http://prolifemn.blogspot.com/2012/03/why-human-zygote-is-organism-and-why-it.html
    
18. https://lozierinstitute.org/a-scientific-view-of-when-life-begins/
    
    ​
    
    >There are no positives for your altered definition, and its definitely not how the terminology is used in the scientific or medical field.
    
    I literally just gave the biggest positive for why I would like to use my definition. The second reason is that it's not alerted, but rather the proper definition and I don't like it when helpful definitions are hijacked.

I'm an MD in emergency medicine. Here is a broad list of things to choose from since your post is somewhat vague and I don't know your educational background from general public education (top of list) down to ultra detailed pathology textbooks and texts designed for specific specialties (which is like 12-16 years after high school)....

If you can give me an idea if any of this is near what you're looking for, I can expand that area x 10 easily. Off the top of my head:

1)There is a group who has created what is essentially some of the first medical podcasts and has grown into a massive platform. The original creator has since created a fairly casual podcast called "this won't hurt a bit" - it's an "edutainment" podcast around medical stuff.

http://www.wonthurtabit.com/season-one

2) This is a human physiology textbook (but kind of applies to animals as well), it's basically like a middle-college/university level knowledge base and provides fundamentals of how the body works, I actually used a version of this in my 2nd year of college in a class full of pre-med/vet/biomed researchers

https://www.amazon.com/Fundamentals-Human-Physiology-Lauralee-Sherwood/dp/0840062257/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2B3Q8XWOX2KJ2&keywords=fundamentals+of+physiology+sherwood&qid=1566022964&s=gateway&sprefix=sherwood+fundamental%2Caps%2C157&sr=8-1

​

3) If you're looking for a 1st/2nd year medical student level information in video review format (this is like a review format of the text below in #4):

https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC-oN4AbdB4jdbFVCHMSrxNg/videos

​

4) If you're looking for seriously intense detail at a medical school level (this would be seriously overkill and probably difficult to digest without a college background but you mentioned textbook that goes into specific things):

https://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133

This textbook basically explains the basis of most diseases from a pathologic basis. You essentially have to memorize most of this textbook in med school. This is the basis for every specialty of medicine.

5) for your own curiosity, then every specialty basically has one or two major texts for their education, one of EM's happens to be (I do not remotely recommend buying this but if you find something to preview or such it gives you an idea of how far the info wormhole goes): https://www.amazon.com/Tintinallis-Emergency-Medicine-Comprehensive-Study/dp/007179476X/ref=sr_1_2?crid=21G3EWBKYQ2PO&keywords=tintanelli%27s+emergency+medicine&qid=1566022753&s=gateway&sprefix=tintanelli%27s%2Caps%2C153&sr=8-2

​

6) Here is an EM youtube person who has been putting out really high quality educational content for years, lots of actual video from patients and explanations of what is going on if you're interested in just like... general random medical stuff in an educational entertainment video format:

https://www.youtube.com/user/lmellick

​

Also don't forget there are other fields in medicine such as nursing, paramedic, PAs, bio-med research but I can't really speak towards those well.

>There's been evidence that the brain initiates a response prior to the stimulus that would elicit that response occurring. Don't have the study/research at the moment, but it came up when I was studying philosophy. It's interesting if nothing else.

Ironically it is not I who has misunderstood. The OP was referring to the "Phasic responses of DA neurons" and rather than take the time to understand the subject matter...

Practical Guide for Clinical Neurophysiologic Testing

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases

Neuroanatomy in Clinical Context: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, Systems, and Syndromes

Instead he/she labels the study (which is a work of conjecture) to be 100% factual and the authority on the matter and sees fit to then begin translating this information to another subject entirely. Much in the same way that a motorcycle enthusiastic might try to apply rocket science to his/her craft.

There is a world of difference between practicing science and claiming that you practice science. I was not dismissing a study because it was mentioned in a philosophy class- I was dismissing a study because it was mentioned 'By Philosophers'.

Neuroanatomy through clinical cases- Blumenfield

http://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-Through-Clinical-Interactive-Blumenfeld/dp/0878936130

this is THE book for neuroanatomy. I sat down read the whole thing for my neurology clerkship and got 99th percentile on the shelf, wish I had used this thing in first year - its money. Yes its a text book but if you get through it especially the clinical cases at the end of capters , you'll know the foundations cold- all important for anything neuro related that comes after M1 since clinical neurology is pretty tied, unlike alot of the other fields to its groundwork basics.

If you just want to see anatomy anatomy, its got good pics and cross sections too.

OP You said your problem was on application style questions, if this is true, I have a solution for you.

Buy this book and use it!

http://www.amazon.com/Grays-Anatomy-Review-STUDENT-CONSULT/dp/0323277888/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

The questions are absolutely fantastic and will definitely help you do better on application style questions on your next anatomy exam. Anki is good for memorizing, but these questions help you apply the information to clinical scenarios. I used this and did extremely well in my anatomy class.

The Anatomy/Physiology Coloring book is pretty great especially for self-study: http://www.amazon.com/The-Anatomy-Coloring-Book-Edition/dp/0321832019

The absolute best in anatomy diagrams is Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, I prefer the flashcards: http://www.amazon.com/Netters-Anatomy-Flash-Cards-Student/dp/0323185959

I asked this question a while back. I'm about to finish up the cardio section of our cardiopulm unit. In my opinion, it depends on how much time you have. How much time are you actually going to have to read this resource outside of lecture and study time?

I bought both Physiology by Costanzo and the mentioned Lilly Pathophys of Heart Disease. In my opinion, I liked Costanzo's book better. Disclaimer: I didn't have time to read all of Lilly's book. Costanzo has a whole chapter (fairly long though) and it does an amazing job of going through the physio. I would say it doesn't cover the ECG well (just describing waves and comparing them to phases of depolarization of the ventricle). That said, I would still use Costanzo if I had to do it over again.

There's a big difference between a frog and a human when you're talking about ethics. At the beginning of the class our professors stressed what an amazing gift the donors gave us by allowing us to study their bodies. I think one of the main fears was that a student might do something stupid and post a picture of themselves in the lab to Facebook or Twitter with some part of a cadaver's face going unnoticed in the background. No family needs to see their loved one after embalming and two months of dissection.

And while it would have been nice to take pictures to study from home, the atlases do a better job of displaying that information clearly. A picture of your cadaver's open chest wouldn't be of much use. It would require thousands upon thousands of photographs to be useful, so there's no sense doing that yourself if you can just [buy a book](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1604067454/sr=8-1/qid=1398407148/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1398407148&seller=&sr=8-1 "my personal favorite") with the work already done.

Find your style, that's my biggest advice for success. My style was to watch all the lectures at 1.7-2x speed and jot down disorganized notes and diagrams on blank printer paper. I figured out early that I learn best by allowing myself the freedom to see the big picture, and then just build intuition about a subject. Didn't use anki except for biochem.

Anatomy I didn't watch or go to the lectures, for anatomy I spent tons of time trying to draw out diagrams from memory and then doing practice questions from that grays book. That grays book is gold, I highly recommend going through all the q and a for your block. It really does ask mostly high yield things.

https://www.amazon.com/Grays-Anatomy-Review-STUDENT-CONSULT/dp/0323277888

depends on how much time you have... Kandel's text is very thorough, very detailed, and perhaps more than you'll need. Good if you're doing a PhD, or specific research. Way too much to it justice if you only have one semester in an undergrad course.

The first text is pretty common, but does not go into specific details as deeply. Still it gives plenty of information about pathways, reflexes, functions, and such.

If you are studying neuro for clinical reasons, this is a good resource as well.

Sketch out all the tracts and do a ton of practice questions. Look at the tracts you draw and imagine lesions at various parts and reason out what the clinical presentations are.

Some good resources are:

Dr Najeeb's videos (Although long but if you have the time, really helpful!)
http://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-Through-Clinical-Interactive-Blumenfeld/dp/0878936130 (this book is pretty good too)

Physiology PhD. Armando Hasudungan for the basics. Once you watch all of those videos you can move on to the Vanders books. They're slim books but comprehensive. Find them on Amazon for like $20. You can finish a book in a few weeks if you're committed. Dont worry about buying the most up to date edition...our understanding of physiology doesnt change all that much year to year.

https://www.amazon.com/dp/0071797483/ref=cm_sw_r_other_apa_i_0q81Bb7JGEMZ6

1. Overall, I highly recommend getting some sort of undergrad level physiology book to study along with anatomy. Knowing Latin suffixes and prefixes really help too. I personally use Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems and Textbook of Medical Physiology.
   
   2a. Seems to me that "investing" is defined as a subcategory of "deep", based on what you quoted. Like if you have deep fascia with certain branches that invest/dig deeper into a particular group of muscles. It just comes back to the definition of "investing". I personally wouldn't worry so much about differentiating between them. The focus is more of the fact that they're fascia and they have specific functions depending on where they are.
   
   2b. Soma relates to a wall. Analogy: soma is a box; viscera is the stuff you put into the box.

That depends on where you're at.

For an introductory text, we used Nolte. I hated it at the time (it's not economic with the prose... as if NA isn't enough of a headache), but in retrospect it was still pretty good and I often return to it. Also bang up Scholar for review articles (if you have access) on the functional neuroanatomy of whatever region you're interested.

Honestly, keep doing what you’re doing. Hold yourself accountable, and take those mistakes as an opportunity to learn about something. When you “do something stupid” make a mental note to not do it again, or focus on how you will do whatever it is next time. Also if you want some good bang for your buck reading, look no further...

https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Pathophysiology-Made-Ridiculously-Simple/dp/0940780801

Seriously, they even have silly drawings that help illustrate body systems and whatnot, it’s one of my favorite reads.

I'm not sure what "non-textbook" means, but I highly recommend Constanzo's Physiology. It provides a good mix of detail and big-picture.

I really liked Costanzo's Physiology (https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X) book. It's well written and I believe detailed enough while being not too long. It is easy to read and understand.

"How the Immune System Works" is a concise book that provides a great overview of immunology. It was the only immunology resource that actually made things click for me!

https://www.amazon.com/How-Immune-System-Works/dp/1118997778/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1526224656&sr=8-1&keywords=how+immune+system+works

This is what I used in school

It can be a bit overwhelming at first (and even after that haha), there are some good youtube videos and stuff that can help as well.

Much appreciated!

I actually plan to study medicine myself, and I've seen the flashcard flow chart. From your post, I take it you recommend beginning with zanki, and thus relying on Pathoma and Sketchy?

It'll be a few years until I'll start studying, but I've been thinking about—as a primer—doing Incremental Reading on these first.

• Anatomy. Atlas of Anatomy by Schuenke et al https://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Anatomy-Anne-M-Gilroy/dp/1604067454
  
• Physiology. Physiology by 5th Edition by Costanzo https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X
  
• Immunology. How the Immune System Works by Sompayrac (looks like it's written in Classic Prose) https://www.amazon.com/How-Immune-System-Works-Desktop/dp/0470657294
  
• Microbiology. Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple by Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Microbiology-Made-Ridiculously-Simple/dp/1935660152
  
  Dunno what you think about that?

No, the fact that these things are true makes them true.

> Keith L. Moore, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2003)
>
> A zygote [fertilized egg] is the beginning of a new human being. Human development begins at fertilization, the process during which a male gamete … unites with a female gamete or oocyte … to form a single cell called a zygote. This highly specialized, totipotent cell marks the beginning of each of us as a unique individual.

---

> Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2008, p. 2):
>
> [The zygote], formed by the union of an oocyte and a sperm, is the beginning of a new human being.

---

> Human Embryology & Teratology (Ronan R. O’Rahilly, Fabiola Muller [New York: Wiley-Liss, 1996], 5-55):
>
> Fertilization is an important landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new, genetically distinct human organism is thereby formed[.]

---

> T.W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology (10th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, p. 11):
>
> Development begins with fertilization, the process by which the male gamete, the sperm, and the femal gamete, the oocyte, unite to give rise to a zygote.

There's more, but I find that going overboard on sourcing something tends to bore people rather than make the point. That an unborn human is a human and is alive is not a matter of philosophy. It is a matter of fact. What you decide with regard to those facts is a matter of philosophy, but the bare claim that unborn humans are humans and alive are facts and are settled.

Med student here. I honestly can't say whether this is layman enough, but reading through the clinical cases made this subject a lot more enjoyable.

Blumenfeld

I 100% agree with priming with pathoma, though I would also say that this would be an excellent alternate in terms of a primer.

The Blumenfeld neuroanatomy book is great, I read it during neuro residency. It goes through the anatomy as well as clinical cases.

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases https://www.amazon.com/dp/0878936130/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_V1s7CbMHQK3BT

I would recommend this book, Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases by Moore. We used it for medical school and I found it particularly useful.

The gold standard in emergency medicine is Tintinalli's (https://www.amazon.com/Tintinallis-Emergency-Medicine-Comprehensive-Internal/dp/007179476X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1504698322&sr=8-1&keywords=emergency+medicine+study+guide) although it is a massive book both in size and in depth.

Physiological medicine (https://www.amazon.com/Physiological-Medicine-Clinical-Approach-Physiology/dp/0070381283/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1504698440&sr=1-1&keywords=%22physiological+medicine%22) is amazing.

Pathophysiology of Disease is also good (https://www.amazon.com/Pathophysiology-Disease-Introduction-Clinical-Medicine/dp/0071806008/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1504698512&sr=1-1&keywords=pathophysiology+of+disease).

This is one of the few textbooks I recommend students actually purchase and read. It's phenomenal and made neuroanatomy my favorite class during M1 year. The reviews don't lie

People love the text Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases -- https://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-through-Clinical-Cases-Blumenfeld/dp/0878936130

​

You can find it much cheaper on other websites!

This may or may not be something you are looking for, but it definitely was way too in-detail for my pharmacy school's physiology course. If you have taken biochemistry, this should be a lot more understandable, but it really does dive deep into the specifics. I also really like the layout of the book as a whole and of each page. You can click on "look inside" and see for yourself the layout of the pages and see how much detail it goes into even on things like negative feedback (servocontrol? I've never even heard of that...).

http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/3135450066/

Netters flashcards are the best by far.

I am just about to graduate and am wrapping up my clinical time with a neurology office that I will be taking my first job at. Suggestions from the MD that I think are great:

Lange Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases

HeadNeckBrainSpine

Blumenfeld's Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases is the classic text, and deservedly so.

The Human Brain Coloring Book is a fun, but surprisingly educational and detailed, resource.

Thoose are the ones i recommend:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Neuroanatomy-Neuroscience-Glance-Roger-Barker/dp/0470657685 ;
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Neuroanatomy-Illustrated-Colour-Text-5e/dp/0702054054/ref=pd_bxgy_14_2?ie=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=QHGC1A20Q7SFNPYKBGTZ ;
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0702034479?ref_=ams_ad_dp_asin_1

If you rather want to watch some videos to brush up neuroanatomy try thoose lectures.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-8sE6RWO1w&list=PL9p9Jbmx_bu1ufaOQpsaO3RSLmlvn5C8G&index=1 ;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cq8PPqUDTSo&list=PL2FAE900505D658FE ;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFzsmCu427I&list=PLKcA4nlXtvJbCGdOHMvHOT-6Szuq_VrTq

Here's where I learned my stuff.. Sadly copyright prevents me from linking it, but there's free sources out there. PubMed has a ton of papers about aging mechanisms.

I'm personally a huge fan of Blumenfeld's Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases

Have you taken patho-physiology yet? When making patho-phys flowcharts for my care plans, I get everything I need out of the textbook. Here's the text I use:
http://www.amazon.com/Essentials-Pathophysiology-Concepts-Altered-Health/dp/1582557241/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1411167972&sr=8-1&keywords=porth+essentials+of+pathophysiology

I’m a big fan of how this book describes the fundamentals so clearly. It’s fairly quick read and it doesn’t get into the weeds.

How the Immune System Works (The How it Works Series) https://www.amazon.com/dp/1118997778/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_n0-lDbDK6RQM7

It was this one. Each chapter starts kind of like an anatomy atlas in text form (I ignored that for the most part), but has good clinical correlations the second half. http://www.amazon.com/High-Yield%C2%99-Gross-Anatomy-High-Yield-Ronald/dp/1451190239/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1464041875&sr=8-1&keywords=high+yield+anatomy

Blumenfeld's book is generally really good for that kind of stuff.

Either the BRS or Physiology, both by Linda Costanzo. they're quite similar, if you prefer bulletpoints then BRS, if you're more into text (and nicer illustrations) then Physiology

I used this in undergrad. It is written with good analogies to understand. really helped me get the basics understood before we hit the hard stuff.

https://www.amazon.com/How-Immune-System-Works/dp/1118997778/ref=pd_lpo_sbs_14_t_0?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=Z9VDHP039MNBTYW09AAR

The quality of the images in Gray's for students is second to none. That said, you should just get the atlas that those images are taken from http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Anatomy-Anne-M-Gilroy/dp/1604067454/

Having done a lot of anatomy, I would say that if you need a textbook, get Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy and also get the Thieme atlas. The text in Moore's is better than Gray's, and the Thieme atlas is unmatched, even by Netter.

there's a 5th edition coming out in august: http://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

but for physio i would just stick with BRS (same author) + tons of practice questions. physio is one of the subjects where critical thinking and problem solving is more important so you need to do lots of practice questions...compared to something like micro which is mostly just buzzwords and memorization

Sompayrac -- How the immune system works: http://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/aw/d/1118997778/

How the Immune System Works (The How it Works Series) https://www.amazon.com/dp/1118997778/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_tai_onAaCb87NG48E

I purchased this multiple times, it is very concise and readable. It's also up to date in a field that is constantly changing.

20% of people who are non-religious identify as pro-life....

http://www.christianpost.com/news/gallup-nonreligious-are-least-pro-life-75772/

There are also plenty of pro-life doctors and scientists...

http://prolifephysicians.org/app/

http://www.prolifehumanists.org/secular-case-against-abortion/

https://www.amazon.ca/The-Developing-Human-Clinically-Embryology/dp/1437720021/192-5887039-0501156?ie=UTF8&qid=136848631&ref_=sr_1_fkmr0_1&s=books

Just because you haven't educated yourself on the full scope of the topic, does not mean those view points opposed to yours do not exist.

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/0878936130/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?qid=1451446323&sr=8-1&pi=AC_SX236_SY340_FMwebp_QL65&keywords=blumenfeld+neuroanatomy

http://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133

this is big: http://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1454033899&sr=8-1&keywords=robbins+pathologic+basis+of+disease

this is medium: http://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Basic-Pathology-STUDENT-CONSULT/dp/1437717810/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1454033924&sr=8-1&keywords=basic+robbins

Guyton's physiology 13 edition https://www.amazon.com/Guyton-Hall-Textbook-Medical-Physiology/dp/1455770051

Easier: http://www.amazon.com/How-Body-Works-Peter-Abrahams/dp/1905704569/

Harder: http://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X/


Usually the fire company will pay your EMT tuition including books, so don't buy it, but this is the book you will likely use: http://www.amazon.com/Emergency-Care-Daniel-Limmer-EMT-P/dp/013254380X/

Videos: https://www.khanacademy.org/science/health-and-medicine/circulatory-system

Books: http://www.cvphysiology.com, https://www.amazon.com/Only-Book-Youll-Ever-Thaler/dp/1451193947/ref=pd_sbs_14_t_0?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=PVZK7GHPGGQXBP2ME4MB (if you Google it you can find a PDF...) and/or https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X

https://www.amazon.com/Robbins-Cotran-Pathologic-Disease-Pathology/dp/1455726133

nah fam, the real deal.

https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-Linda-S-Costanzo-PhD/dp/0323478816/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

Here are three textbooks that cover that a zygote is a unique, living, human life.

Care to provide any sort of statement on why, exactly, a zygote, which is scientifically human, alive, and unique, is not a human life? If you want to argue personhood, that's not science, that's philosophy of the mind, and we can go down some dark paths about what constitutes a human. If you want to argue science, there's no argument to be made.

Even people like Peter Singer concede this, because there's nothing to be argued against it. People that want to try and argue against it are trying to morally rationalize their decisions or wants, at least be consistent with it.

Yes! 1) PANCE Prep Pearls, 2) Step-Up To Medicine, 3) First Aid for the Psychiatry Clerkship, 4) Pathophysiology Made Ridiculously Simple, 5) Clinical Neuroanatomy Made Ridiculously Easy.

2) Don't be afraid to change your study habits. You probably won't study the same way you did in undergrad or even post-bacc. It's a whole new ballgame.