Reddit mentions of Advanced modelling in finance using Excel and VBA

Though it depends on the area of finance you are in, VBA is a very good place to start out. You already know Excel and I bet it would be an easier sell at work to start using some homebrew macro rather than something else.

If I where you, I would pick up Financial Modelling by Simon Benninga. It's not focused heavily on VBA but does use it where relevant - this just shows that you really don't need VBA for a lot of finance applications anyway (you can do a lot with functions only!). Pick up any Excel/VBA book for the things that Benninga does not cover. A book similar to Benninga is Advanced Modelling in Finance
using Excel and VBA, which I'm not as familiar with as Benninga but it does seem more focused on VBA, if only slightly.

You mention databases, which would be another direction you could go in. Your biggest hurdle will probably be to convince someone to give you access to a database with relevant data - at least while you are still learning. Not to mention that on top of having to learn something like VBA to access the database, you will also have to learn SQL to query the database for data. It's not out of reach but perhaps a bit of a learning curve. I would suggest you find out if your company has something like a Enterprise Data Warehouse or any other databases where you are allowed to hook up and get data from.