Reddit mentions of Descartes: Meditations on First Philosophy: With Selections from the Objections and Replies (Cambridge Texts in the History of Philosophy)

I like to recommend Simon Blackburn's Think as a primer. I would try reading Descartes' Meditations, Aristotle's 'Posterior Analytics', and perhaps G. E. Moore's Philosophical Papers (particularly his essay 'A Defense of Common Sense') alongside Blackburn's book. The recommendations in the sidebar have a few good suggestions (Williams, Blackburn, etc.) for introductory works on ethics.

John Cottingham's translation is very good. You can find it in these volumes.

http://www.amazon.com/Descartes-Meditations-Philosophy-Selections-Objections/dp/0521558182

http://www.amazon.com/Descartes-Selected-Philosophical-Writings-Ren%C3%A9/dp/0521358124/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1416963798&sr=1-1&keywords=descartes+selected+philosophical+writings

Almost every translation of Descartes Meditations will be in modern English. I would recommend switching to a modern translation, such as one of these:

Cottingham translation:

https://www.amazon.com/Descartes-Meditations-Philosophy-Selections-Objections/dp/0521558182/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1505099147&sr=8-2&keywords=descartes+meditations

Cress translation:
https://www.amazon.com/Meditations-First-Philosophy-Hackett-Classics/dp/0872201929/ref=sr_1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1505099160&sr=1-1&keywords=descartes+meditations+hackett

Ariew translation:
https://www.amazon.com/Meditations-Objections-Replies-Hackett-Classics/dp/0872207986/ref=sr_1_3?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1505099160&sr=1-3&keywords=descartes+meditations+hackett