Reddit mentions of Elijah Benamozegh: Israel and Humanity (Classics of Western Spirituality)

>so now I'm not Jewish, right?

This is correct.

>I kinda only know medieval Jewishness so to my understanding if you weren't born of the seed of Israel you weren't Jewish, and if your mother wasn't Jewish you weren't Jewish. Meaning if I am born a goyim I'm always a goyim and that whatever I do I can't be in the tribe?

The law is that one must have a Jewish mother to be Jewish from birth. However, conversion is a legal process by which a person can become Jewish (I'm having a hard time with the language here, because the Torah considers us to be a people and a nation instead of a religion, but that can be difficult to convey when society tends to look at Jewishness as either a "racial" or religious category, and misses the underlying framework).

>Is there any universal Judaism that could be applied to everyone equally or does there have to be a limit to the tribe?

The Torah has a universal component, which comprises the Noahide law, which one could argue is the foundation of Universal Religion. Mosaic law is the particularist component of the Torah, which is reserved for the Jewish people, in terms of legal obligation.

>Do we need goyims like the farmer needs oxes?

A better question would be if we (humanity) need the Jewish people. Noahide law is the underpinning of Universal Religion, which is obligatory for the perfection of humanity. Why, then, was there a need for God to create a nation bound by Mosaic law? R. Elijah Benamozegh addresses this in his magnum opus, Israel and Humanity, argues that the point of Mosaic law was to preserve the Jewish people as a group whose role is to keep Universal Religion from departing humanity. This is something we see in the description of Israel as a "kingdom of priests," in how we would offer sacrifices on behalf of the nations during Succoth, and how if a pagan were to bring an offering to the Temple, we were to accept it.

Derekh haShem (Path of God) - R. Moshe Chaim Luzzatto - Kabbalah/Musar

God in Search of Man - R. Abraham Joshua Heschel - Conservative

The Thirteen Petalled Rose - R. Adin Steinsaltz - Chasidic (Lubavitch)

Israel and Humanity - R. Eliyahu Benamozegh - Sefardi/Kabbalah