Reddit mentions of Principles of Computational Modelling in Neuroscience

Creating links from neuroscience to ANN learning is actually a hot research topic at the moment so you re in luck. A popular theme is coming up with ways that backpropagation can be implemented by biological neurons e.g. 1 2 3

However don't expect to find a lot of theory about how brains learn. While comp. neuro has a good model for the voltage response and propagation in neurons 4, the knowledge about the neurobiology of learning is very sketchy so you are going to have to become familiar with the learning and memory experimental literature and probably develop your own models.