Reddit mentions of The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship

4 books that come to mind:

Devery Anderson's Documentary History of the LDS Temple

• Book 1 - Joseph Smith's Quorum of the Anointed, 1842-1845
  
  
• Book 2 - The Nauvoo Endowment Companies, 1845 - 1846
  
  
• Book 3 - The Development of LDS Temple Worship, 1846 - 2000
  
  Additionally, this book is a bit dated, but David Buerger's research was top notch in 2002 when this was published.
  
  
• David John Buerger - The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship
  
  A caveat - while I personally feel like each of these books treated the temple with respect and did not disclose anything we are covenanted not to disclose, these are books by historians looking at the development of the temple, and specifically the endowment ceremony within Mormonism. There will be some in-depth discussion behind the ordinances. Just a forewarning, in case you might be sensitive to hearing the temple discussed outside of the temple.

It is covered in this great book, which I highly recommend. The history of Mormon temple worship is totally unknown and fascinating. Like, did you know that until Jos. F. Smith's Presidency, the Logan, Salt Lake, Manti, and St. George temples all had different versions of the endowment? Lots of good stuff in there.

Hi! There is something interesting about this meme, from a historical point of view. Apparently, the initiates donned the robes (etc) to receive the first token of the Aaronic priesthood.

I quote this text from Salt Lake temple president George F. Richards who was appointed to revise the ordinances:

[3 June 1922:] I took 7:20 [a.m.] car for my work at the temple. This day [Saturday] I went before the [First] Presidency and presented to them an important change in the endowment ceremony by which the robes should be placed on the left shoulder first and then changed to the right shoulder once only before entering the Terrestrial room; also that Aaronic and Melchizedek be used instead of lower order of the Melchizedek and
higher order of the Aaronic. I am to come back with a definite recommend of the Presidency of the Temple. This is my own suggestion. Other members not accessible today.
(end quote)

And here is the text of the official announcement which reveals the old an new order:

"June 7, 1922--REGARDING THE ROBES OF THE HOLY PRIESTHOOD IN THE ENDOWMENTS CEREMONY:

Taken from the minutes of a meeting at the office
of the First Presidency. Presidents Grant, Penrose and Ivins being present. I represented having discussed with associates in the temple the advisability of instituting a change in the procedure of
placing the Endowment Robes on the individuals receiving endowments the present method being to first place the robe on the right shoulder, subsequently change it to the left shoulder, and
later again back to the right shoulder. The proposed change would be to place the robe first on the Left shoulder, and retain it there until after the Second Token of the Aaronic Priesthood has
been given, then to change it to the Right shoulder, in conformity with the giving of the Tokens of the Melchizedek Priesthood, thus obviating one of the changes heretofore made, and more
effectively indicating transition from the lower to the higher orders of the Priesthood.

"After considering carefully the proposed change, the [First] Presidency decided unanimously that from that time on the Robe should first be placed on the Left shoulder, and be
changed to the Right shoulder at the time the Endowment candidates are going to enter the Terrestrial World room. The necessary changes in the text, to conform with this decision, are to
be made in the new books of rules, etc. that are to be issued to the Temple Presidents.
(Announced to Temple workers in meeting held 14 Aug. 1922.)"

(end quote)

So if this meme is to depict a pre-Aug-1922 ceremony, the placement of the robes is correct.

At least from 1984 on, (the year I received my endowment) the first token of the Aaronic is given without the robes, only with the apron on.

References: text taken from Buerger's book
https://www.amazon.com/Mysteries-Godliness-History-Mormon-Worship/dp/1560851767/ref=sr_1_sc_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1483443442&sr=8-1-spell&keywords=the+mysteries+of+godlinnes

If you want to learn more, this book does a good job examining the evolution of temple worship.

I've read about this on the sub before here.

But I have yet to see the source. The claim is from this book, which seems fairly well-sourced.

The Oxford Short Introductions Series has a great volume on Mormonism that covers the faith in a very even-handed and neutral manner. If you're pressed for time, this would probably be the best thing to read. The Dummies and Idiot's Guide are actually not that bad in their presentation of the faith; they're both by what would be termed "liberal Mormons" and do a pretty good job of being realistic in their presentation (though both still being very positive, of course, but they're not conversion texts).

To understand the different faiths in the Latter Day Saint movement you need to understand the history of the faith as so much of the faith claims are rooted in historical events. Books like Rough Stone Rolling and No Man Knows My History give a good overview of Joseph Smith's life. The upcoming Brigham Young biography by John Turner seems like it will also be a good source for information on Young's tenure as president of the Church as it will discuss some of the darker/stranger issues like blood atonement and Adam-God. If you want to go in depth on the history of the Temple ritual, I'd recommend Buerger's The Mysteries of Godliness.

The last information I would give is that most (but not all) books published by Christian publishers should probably be avoided. Nowadays most of them are factual in their content, but their presentation is not meant to provide an understanding of the LDS Church but rather is meant to provide a multiplicity of reasons not to associate with the faith. A few exceptions I'd say are most books by Sandra and Gerald Tanner, and By His Own Hand Upon Papyrus which is an amazing overview of Joseph's "Book of Abraham" and the history and implications of the papyri Smith used in producing it which were rediscovered in 1967 to the subtle consternation of the CHurch ever since.

If you're still interested in learning more about the demystified historical origins of the temple symbolism and rituals then please read The Mysteries of Godliness: A History of Mormon Temple Worship by David J. Buerger, which is dirt-cheap for kindle and an excellent read.

Depends on the "TBM" you ask I suppose. Its not a book that is trying to expose the church or anything. Its pretty much just an academic work. Its not just about the Second Anointing. Its about the history of temple worship in the church generally. He's careful to use sources that are/were public at the times they were released and he doesn't even give any of the ceremonies away as they stand today. Its pretty evenhanded but revealing. Much of it goes into the Masonic roots of the temple for example. That alone could make it seem "anti Mormon" by many members. If the truth is anti Mormon, then this book is anti Mormon...

Here's a link: Mysteries of Godliness