Best products from r/csbooks

I have yet to read it myself, but i hear good things about The Elements of Computing Systems: Building a Modern Computer from First Principles.
This video is related. If you have an hour to spare I'd really recommend it.

Edit:
As a point of interest the minecraft computer is based on the "Hack machine" described in the book.

They're the most recent, and both are excellent. I used to have two copies of Manning and Schütze — one for home and one for work.

Winograd's Language As a Cognitive Process was the first NLP book I owned and I still refer to it once in a while.

Perera and Schieber's Prolog and Natural-Language Analysis is good if you're interested in logic programming and NLP. It's dense though.

Search on Amazon for "natural language processing" and you will find a bunch of books from Springer that were released in the last year or two.

I'd recommend The Self-Taught Programmer

I think it gives a very good overview of a first two semester sequence of Computer Science. Code as someone else said is also good, but IMO a little too abstract to read. Save a lot of that stuff for when you actually take courses IMO.

Don't get overwhelmed and give up though! This stuff is heavy, I'd still take the class this fall if you aren't getting any of this now reading it.

Not really. The closest you'll get are Chris Bishop's book and Hastie, Tibshirani and Friedman. I've had a look at the textbook above and it's a rather poor one in my opinion. I prefer Bishop because of his emphasis on the probabilistic grounding, others like the way Hastie et al approach things, YMMV.

For a good bit of free material that's worth reading I strongly suggest parts IV and V in David Mackay's book (see page 'x' in the Preface for suggested readings for a Machine Learning/Bayesian Inference course).

Then you need to learn about The Theory of Computation.

This will give you historical insight on how scientists thought of computing; particularly defining the powers of computation and language.

As for languages, the best way is to probably look at historical papers on language design on topics such as LISP, type theory, lambda calculus, OOP/OOD, etc. But a book that gives a good starting point would probably be Programming Langauge Pragmatics.

Hey, I took a discrete math course 2 years ago and we used a book written by one of our lecturers as shown here. I actually found it to be very well structured and 'easy' to follow.

If you wanna check it out, PM me and I might be able to help :)

API Design for C++
This is one of the best book about API design that I read a couple of times and that I can recommend to you.

Looks like a good workbook, but fails as an instructional book according to the reviews. Still a good share!

http://www.amazon.com/Statistics-Utterly-Confused-2nd/dp/0071461930/

Great book, really ties it together.

From Chips to Systems. An oldie, but hopefully revised. Even if not, the same principals still apply.

Code, by Charles Petzold is pretty much exactly what you want.

Introduction to the Theory of Computation by Michael Sipser: http://www.amazon.com/Introduction-Theory-Computation-Michael-Sipser/dp/113318779X

Edit: wow, that book is more expensive than I remember. I have the 2nd edition, which can be found for a fraction of the price of the latest new edition. I'm not sure how they compare in content, though.

Code: The Hidden Language of Computer Hardware and Software is a really good and very readable computer architecture book.

I'd recommend [Computer Science: An Overview by Glenn Brookshear] (http://www.amazon.com/Computer-Science-Overview-12th-Edition/dp/0133760065) or Computer Science Handbook by Allen B. Tucker if you want a more in-depth overview of theoretical topics.

It'd sound silly if I recommended this, so let me add that CMU Statistics professor Cosma Shalizi recommends 'The Cartoon Guide To Statistics' by Gonick and Smith. It's hard to beat for getting the big picture.

That book is not available for free - but you can buy a hardcover copy from Amazon, http://www.amazon.com/Systems-Analysis-Design-Shelly-Cashman/dp/1285422708/

Not pdf, but here's the kindle edition:

http://www.amazon.com/Enterprise-Systems-Management-Luvai-Motiwalla/dp/0132145766