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Magpies are incredible birds! They are members of the Corvid family and very intelligent. Magpies are part of a select group of animals with self awareness and recognize themselves in mirrors. They are on a very short list of 10 animals total capable of this. The other 9 are:

• Humans
  
• Orangutans
  
• Chimpanzees
  
• Gorillas
  
• Bottlenose Dolphins
  
• Elephants
  
• Orcas
  
• Bonobos
  
• Rhesus Macaws
  
  There are 15 species of Magpie found throughout the world. In China and Korea they are the symbol of good luck. In England though I've heard a few stories where they probably wouldn't be considered very lucky. For instance, I read that a group of magpies had learned to ring the doorbell of an older couple's house. When they did the woman would come out and feed them. She loved having them around. Her husband, however, would yell at them when they rang the bell and never fed them. In retaliation the Magpies would defecate and drop things on his car (never her car, they knew the difference). There are a lot of great stories out there of Corvids showing just how intelligent they are. A great book recommendation if you are interested in this topic is: In the Company of Crows and Ravens.
  

The person overtaking is responsible for overtaking safely.

I ride on multi use trails, as well as in traffic. Every time, and I mean EVERY time I pass someone, be it on a bike, roller blades, or walking, they get a "DING" from my bell, or if they are wearing earphones, a friendly but firm "On your left!"

When I'm on the road, however, I use my air horn... Yes, I have an air horn on my bike. Best thing EVER! You use your bike pump to pressurize a bottle that sits in one of your water bottle cages, and there is a small tube that runs up to the actual horn on the bars. You press a button, and an ear piercing shriek comes out of the horn. One pressurization of the tank will be good for a good 30 second long blast, but many many more "normal" length toots.

This is similar to what I have. It even has a volume control of sorts. (It's a valve that limits the amount of air admitted to the horn, so you can mash the button, but it won't be ear splittingly loud, in case you want to use it to give people friendly "toot toots" on the trail.

It isn't that a smaller sensor magnifies the image more. It's that the smaller sensor is capturing and resolving a smaller section of the entire image projected by the lens. This is a good illustration of it. Say the entire circle is the image projected by the lens. The black square would be the 5D's full frame sensor, while the red square is the 7D's crop sensor. It isn't magnifying the image, it's just capturing a smaller portion of the projected image as a whole. It creates the illusion of more magnification, when in reality, it's just resolving a smaller portion of the projected image as a whole.

The concept of a divergent lens between the lens and the camera's sensor is illustrated by teleconverters. I shoot Canon, so I'm going to stick with their equipment for my examples. Canon makes a 1.4x teleconverter, and a 2x teleconverter for their cameras. These apply a multiplicative factor to compatible lenses (usually Canon's L series lenses). So, with a 2x teleconverter, a 300mm lens on a full frame sensor would become a 600mm lens. Unfortunately, these teleconverters reduce a lenses' widest possible aperture. The 1.4x reduces the maximum aperture by 1.5 stops, and the 2x reduces maximum aperture by 2 stops. This becomes really limiting in anything but very bright light, because realistically, your minimum shutter speed should be the reciprocal of your focal length in order to eliminate camera shake. So, if you're using a 600mm lens, you should be shooting at at least 1/600. So, let's expand on this. This is the longest lens I own. It's a 300mm f/4 L, compatible with my 2x teleconverter. With the teleconverter, it becomes a 600mm f/8 lens, on a full frame camera. So, without taking image stabilization into consideration, your minimum settings will be 1/600 at f/8. ISO, or sensor sensitivity, can certainly make up for this. However, it's also important to understand that adding this teleconverter has added distortion, and is degrading overall image quality. Additionally, most modern cameras can only autofocus with a lens that has a widest aperture of f/5.6 or lower. Off the top of my head, the only exception to this that I know of is Canon's 1D-X, their flagship model. So, it isn't that it's impossible to generate fairly long focal lengths on a moderate budget, but image quality and overall capability are going to suffer from doing so. Canon's longest lens that is under $10,000 is the 400mm f/5.6 L. There are versions of the 300mm and 400mm lenses with wider maximum apertures, but those are also extremely expensive. So yes, overall, this is very possible, but to do it effectively, it would be extremely expensive.


As for the idea of adding a close up filter, those don't really magnify an image too much. They really just magnify it in such a way that a plane of critical focus can be achieved at less distance than you would usually be able to achieve it with a lens. Additionally, they add a considerable amount of distortion and degradation of image quality. This is something to consider any time you add an element between the photographic subject and the sensor itself. Every layer of glass will degrade image quality to a certain extent. Some lenses are made and treated in such a way that it reduces image quality significantly less than others. Again though, glass that nice is usually pretty expensive.

That’s a really cool wall btw! When your kids get older, try bringing them to a rock gym if they like climbing on it (I’m actually at one rn lol)

I found this crash pad which would fit your use case perfectly, but it’s fairly expensive ($131). Hopefully you can find something for a good price, safety should always be #1!

I've never tried it and my dad always shudders when i ask him what it tastes like, but, according to the The L.L. Cookbook, bear is really good. I've also heard that the fat is good for cooking and making soap. Either way, it's something I'd like to try one day.

The G1W is pretty much the standard consumer dashcam that is not super expensive, fairly reliable, and films in HD.

I have used one for 2 years now and, other then having to reformat the sd card one time, have had no issues. Turns on and off along with the car, can record for over 8 hours with a 32GB SD card (make sure it's class 10). Over all I have been happy with it. Just make sure you aren't getting some weird knockoff.

If you're doing anything like this you should have a seatbelt knife attached to your chest somewhere. We were issued them in Iraq and now I try to keep one in the car. Such a simple (in hindsight, obvious.) yet uncommon thing.

EDIT: Something like this would be ideal.

They usually have breakaway points on them, like this one, so that it doesn't wind up spilling fuel all over whenever they break.

Here's a little video that shows how they reconnect them after people drive away, if you care to see that.

Serious question, why don't they wear little 4-8 liter air tanks or life vests to float?

Like this:

Spare Air Extreme Tank Watersports Rescue Kit W/Air Compressor Refill Adapter https://www.amazon.com/dp/B07G2TMB33

Outliers is a great book. everyone should read it.

Adidas powerlifting shoes are reasonably priced and really good.

https://www.amazon.com/adidas-Performance-Mens-Powerlift-2-Trainer/dp/B00Q047MYC

boy, do I have some good news for you...

https://www.amazon.com/dp/B004XQO8LY/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_apa_i_q6RxCbE5R5387

Twist of the Wrist, a must read for anyone wanting to learn how to ride better.

The smart thing to do when this starts to happen is for everyone to lay on their horns, and if someone has them, run upstream along the side of the rode to put down some flares

Immersion blender. Like this.

Something like this probably

It is one like this.

No need to spend that much. Been happy with my Spytech A119 for one year so far.

http://www.amazon.com/Black-Box-Original-Dashboard-Dash/dp/B00FONBG1A