Reddit mentions of M-Audio, 32-Key, 32 Keys (Keystation Mini 32)

If you have a Mac, mess around with Garageband, it's free. Logic is a good software for Mac once you get more serious, and it's relatively cheap compared to some. Ableton and FL Studio are good softwares too. As for the keyboard, I would recommend the M-Audio Keystation Mini only because that is what I use at the studio and it's simple but works great. All you have to do is plug in the usb to your computer and start playing.

Without hearing the original this is all a guess, but from your description here's how I would approach making the music. It is definitely possible (and probably made) from software alone:

Do you have a DAW? Get one if you don't! Many different available ones for cheap, such as Steinberg's Cubase and Presonus Studio One. Whatever you get, make sure it supports VST plugins - these are the bits of software that you use to make sounds. The DAW is the core of your workflow and it is what will organize your music.

Second, see if your piano can interface with your PC - with luck you should be able to run it both USB and MIDI. Your PC is not built to take MIDI input from scratch, so you will have to invest in an audio interface to make your digital piano work.

Alternatively, a MIDI KEYBOARD like this is a plug and play deal. It will allow you to program MIDI within a DAW. It doesn't make its own sound but it will let you interface with the vst plugins.

There are tons of tutorials online on how to make electro tracks - try those first (trance is a good place to start) to get familiar with the synths and how they generally work. Drums, pads, vocals will soon come into play as well.

Future Funk is characterized by sampling from existing songs. Google around for some samples that you like - I'm sure something will fit the bill. Edit these and incorporate them into your song!

You should have some kind of song with structure and individual parts written down. You will then have to MIX and MASTER the track, but that's a whole different conversation.

There's a lot to talk about, but that's the general gist of it. PM me if you have questions.

1: That's just a controller. It doesn't have sounds of its own. I would suggest considering something that does have sounds of its own (such as a synthesizer, a piano, or something more like a normal student keyboard like this) so that you aren't tethered to a computer+software any time you want to practice. That said, you can still get by with a controller only and your laptop. Whatever you get, you probably do want Midi so you can use it with your software. (Unless it's a real 88-key piano, which is probably the best for learning IMO). For the "portable keyboards" with midi support, like the one I linked, Yamaha and Casio make some pretty good ones. A little pricier than the one you linked, unfortunately. 32 keys might feel a kind of limiting, but maybe not. You can probably find a 61-key one with MIDI on craigslist pretty cheap. (Yamaha PSR series is pretty good, nice sounds)

2: Learning some music theory is definitely a helpful tool, and that generally means studying an instrument. It's pretty much essential for collaborating with other musicians, since you'll need to speak "the language of music." (Keys, chords, etc.) One thing I've always enjoyed for learning is going to guitar chord sites (like ultimate-guitar.com), looking up some songs I know, and playing the chords on piano. If you don't know how to play a chord, look it up. You'll start noticing patterns (how to play a major chord, minor chord, 7th, maj7, etc). That combined with practicing scales can take you pretty far, and give you some tools to explore when writing songs. /r/musictheory seems to be a good community for resources, too.

3: Piano is so fun. I played other instruments before picking up piano, but learning piano has improved my understanding of other instruments (and theory in general) dramatically. So I think you definitely have the right idea looking at keyboard instruments.

4: If you do get a MIDI controller that doesn't have built-in sounds.. I noticed that the one you linked doesn't have any pitch bend or modulation wheel. I'd consider getting one that does. Pretty handy when working with synths (including the ones in your DAW). Another nice thing to have is pads for banging out drum beats. Much more intuitive than using the keyboard. Neither are essential, but they're fun, and something to consider. M-Audio Axiom series is a good one with both of these features. Oxygen series, too.

5: Interestingly, Keystation 49 II is the same price on Amazon as the Keystation MIni 32 you linked. Out of the two, I would definitely go for the 49. More keys, and real pitch bend+modulation wheels. (The pitch bend buttons on the mini look kind of lame IMO.) Unless the more portable size is just super important to you.

6: If the keyboard you get has traditional (round) MIDI I/O ports but no USB port, then you'll need a MIDI interface for your computer. They're cheap, and you don't need anything fancy. Something like this is fine. You can also get an audio interface that has MIDI built-in. If you go with an audio interface, you should do more research, as a good audio interface (unlike an expensive midi adapter) does make a big difference in the sound that gets recorded. But that's probably farther down the line if right now you're just trying to learn and get better at composition. At that point you'll be looking at good monitor speakers and/or monitor headphones, too.

No hard and fast rules, here. Just a few things to consider.

I've been using a Keystation Mini for quite a while now. You get used to the smaller keys and it's great for someone just starting out.

https://www.amazon.com/d/5n2/M-Audio-Keystation-Mini-32-Keyboard-Synth-Action-Velocity-Sensitive/B00IWRJSE2

1-Definitely worth it with headphones.

2-No idea.

3-Never used one, but it seems like it'll be just fine. Is there a reason you went with it over others? Seems like it's ~$70 on Amazon while there are others for a bit less for more keys, and others with some more functions. I found one of these last year on craigslist for $50 and it's what I've been using ever since. If you've already bought it, I'm sure it'll be absolutely fine for whatever you want to do though, so no need to sweat it.

Mi sono fissato su questa tastiera portatile per suonare da solo amatorialmente, ma non ho idea di come funzioni.

Premesso che so usare abbastanza bene Caustic, qualcuno di voi sà dirmi se questa tastiera viene con un programma simile? Mi tenta tantissimo...

Firstly, you should watch some videos of people using different gear and giving it reviews to see if it fits what you want.

I'm not sure why you would want a mixer unless you had a lot of physical instruments and/or mics that you need record at the same time. If you really want some sliders there are things like MPDs or APCs. I can't play the piano, so I don't mind having a little keyboard. I like the keystation mini 32, because it has a lot of keys, but it is very small.

There are more simple pads like the Korg padKontrol.

If you really want an abelton specific controller consider getting the push. It's expensive though.

As I said, look up videos of everything.

how about something not so expensive for start? :/

like:

http://www.amazon.de/M-Audio-Keystation-Mini-32-MIDI-Kontroller/dp/B00IWRJSE2/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&qid=1419987033&sr=8-2&keywords=midi+keyboard

or

http://www.amazon.de/Classic-Cantabile-MK-49-USB-programmierbarer/dp/B0041K7LC0/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1419987033&sr=8-4&keywords=midi+keyboard