Reddit mentions of Reformed: What It Means, Why It Matters

Being new to the Reformed tradition, you should absolutely start Jamie Smith's excellent book Letters to a Young Calvinist: An Invitation to the Reformed Tradition. It's a quick easy read best digested in small parts. It does a great job of providing an overview of the Reformed tradition that is accessible, theological, and pastoral and is the best antidote to the "cage-stage" that I know of.

Other general books on the Reformed tradition I would recommend:

• Calvinism in the Las Vegas Airport: Making Connections in Today's World by Richard Mouw.
  
  
• Chosen by God and The Holiness of God both by R.C. Sproul.
  
  
• A Sure Thing: What We Believe and Why by Cornelius Plantiga is a great, but it's more of a teen devotional than a theological treatise. A more "adult" introduction would be Robert De Moor's Reformed: What It Means, Why It Matters.
  
  
• For a higher level survey of Reformed theology (think college level) go with R. Michael Allen's Reformed Theology
  
  
• You should also read through some of the Reformed Confessions. Start with the Heidelberg Catechism, it's amazing.
  
  If you are looking for a topical treatment from a Reformed perspective I recommend:
  
  
• [Sin] Not the Way It's Supposed to Be: A Breviary of Sin by Cornelius Plantinga.
  
  
• [Homosexuality] Washed and Waiting: Reflections on Christian Faithfulness and Homosexuality by Wesley Hill.
  
  
• [Suffering] [Rejoicing in Lament: Wrestling with Incurable Cancer and Life in Christ] (http://www.amazon.com/Rejoicing-Lament-Wrestling-Incurable-Cancer/dp/1587433583) by J. Todd Billings
  
  
• [The Sacraments] Christ, Baptism and the Lord's Supper: Recovering the Sacraments for Evangelical Worship
  
  
• [Caring for the poor] When Helping Hurts: How to Alleviate Poverty Without Hurting the Poor . . . and Yourself by Steve Corbett and Brian Fikkert.
  
  Once you are ready to dive into heavier works consider:
  
  
• Calvin's Instittutes of the Christian Religion (free CCEL link)
  
  
• The abridged version of Reformed Dogmatics by Herman Bavink.
  
  
• Systematic Theology
  
  
• Reformed Catholicity: The Promise of Retrieval for Theology and Biblical Interpretation by R. Michael Allen and Scott Swain
  
  
• Karl Barth's Church Dogmatics: An Introduction and Reader by Allen
  
  
• Christian Dogmatics: Reformed Theology for the Church Catholic ed. by Allen and Swain. I'm still working my way through this one - it's very good.