Reddit mentions of Christian Theology: An Introduction

To learn about the history and basic ideas of doctrines and dogmas, a good textbook is Alister McGrath's Christian Theology: An Introduction
It's definitely worth the investment. Even picking up a cheaper earlier version is great.
The Bible itself is a great tool, but having something alongside to help make sense of the ideas in it makes it much easier.

https://www.amazon.com/Christian-Theology-Introduction-Alister-McGrath/dp/1444335146


This is a very popular book and is used as a text book for foundation studies at a few different universities. Also there is a book called Faith Seeking understanding by Migliore that is good as well.

There's full books on apologetics. Honestly some of them are bad. Some good. Same with websites. When I speak of Christian philosophy I mean folks ranging (and ranging in answers!) from Augustine to Aquinas to Kierkegaard. Getting a book on basic historical theology like this one by Alister McGrath (a former atheist with a PHd in both Theology and Biochemistry who has also written apologetic books) would be a good place to start.

I found reading historical theology, and finding how much of what I took granted for what faith was being really modern, to be one of the most helpful things.

The website Seedbed and Reknew have good resources as well with varying answers.

Here's some on the problem of evil.

Article: seedbed--the problem of natural evil

Video: 7 minute seminary--the problem of evil

Alvin Platinga, philosopher Notre Dame, might have somethings you're interested in

But, well, for me, I started reading Christian existentialists like the Kierkegaardian Catholic novelist Walker Percy (which is pretty obtuse of a thing to say). He presents more questions than answers, and I'm a literary guy so you might not be into that.

I will say G.K. Chesterton's Chapter in Orthodoxy "The Ethics of Elfland" was also something which awakened my theological imagination.

And I also think Greg Boyd, one of the only megachurch pastors I can stand to listen to, also has some great resources. His popularization of "Open Theism" theology (that God is subject to time just was we are and knows all possible realities rather than knowing a single determined reality) has been a more popular "theodicy" (answer to how there can be a good God over a world of evil) recently. Here's his website.

Tim Keller's "The Reason for God" is a popular level book which uses everything from New Testament scholarship (like N.T. Wright--who is very good) to evolution's compatibility with Christianity (cf. Francis Collins, a Christian and director of the Human Genome project) to create a popular-level explanation of Christian faith. Each chapter takes a different common question. I don't agree with his take on everything but it's a good place to start.

Over the past 3 years I've also found good conversation on /r/christianity. You may want to search for old posts there and see what folks have to say. You'll find a variety of answers.

Alister McGrath's "Christian Theology: An Introduction" was super helpful for me.
He also has another called "Historical Theology" which I have yet to read, but have heard many great things about. He does a great job of tracing Christian theology throughout history, and framing it in a digestible, easy to understand way.

This thread has lots of good answers. There are SO MANY resources out there, both in print and online, it can feel overwhelming. You could always go for an introduction like from David Ford or Alister McGrath. I personally like Mysteries of Faith by Mark McIntosh.

The book that will stay a classic: Systematic Theology by Wayne Grudem.

For Spirituality: Desiring God by John Piper. There is a reason why this book has become popular again with a lot of younger people. It takes Joy in God seriously.

For Apologetics: The Reason for God by Tim Keller. The man has dealt with skeptical New Yorker's for years. His book shows some deep thinking.

For Historic Developments in Theology: The Christian Theology Reader by Alister McGrath. This was a textbook in seminary. My prof. used to say that if you read it and do the study questions (and it's a long book I might add) it would be the equivalent of an MA in theology. It has writings from different people in church history for you to read and think through. It has a companion called Christian Theology: An introduction.

Any book from these authors (especially McGrath and Grudem) would be a great read for you.

A lot of your questions are answered in Alister McGrath's "Christian Theology - an introduction". It is a very handy tool for beginners in Theology as well as more serious study
/http://www.amazon.com/Christian-Theology-Introduction-Alister-McGrath/dp/1444335146