Reddit mentions of INTELLINET 12-Port Cat5e Wall-Mount Patch Panel Compatible with 110 and Krone Punch Down Tools (162470)

You've got Orange, Green, Blue, and Brown pairs. Smells like ethernet cabling to me. Looking at the cables themselves, it seems it's shielded, too.

My guess is that the cabling is being used for phone. You could likely convert one (or more) of them for network use. If there is enough slack, you could get a simple punchdown block like this one. The back of it is color coded, so it'd be easy for you to tell which wire goes where. Then you could get some Cat5/6 patch cables and a switch (or use the 4 port switch on your router) to make the RJ45's on the walls live.

One thing I'd do first, however, is pull the wall plate for one of those RJ45 ports and make sure a yellow cable is going to it. That way you'll be nearly 100% sure you've got the right cables in that wall box. :)

I ran CAT5e to the three bedrooms and to the entertainment center wall. One drop in the two small bedrooms, two drops to the master bedroom, and two drops to the entertainment center.

I terminated the rooms to Cable Matters keystones.
I'm using an Asus RT-N56U wireless router and a Trendnet TEG-S80g 8port gigabit switch with an Intellinet 12 port patch panel.
It's patched together with cable matters 3ft patch cables.
I have fiber internet service(no modem needed).

I had anticipated another cable run for a Ubiquity WAP, but after I tested the signal coverage from the Asus router it was not needed(full coverage everywhere in the house).

Looks like you have 12 ethernet cables there, this should do

http://www.amazon.com/INTELLINET-12-Port-Wall-mount-Compatible-162470/dp/B0009JGJF2/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1454098133&sr=8-1&keywords=cat5e+panel

Could do something like this as well.

https://www.amazon.com/INTELLINET-12-Port-Wall-mount-Compatible-162470/dp/B0009JGJF2

> Can I change out the dsl or phone ports to ethernet since it's CAT5?

Yes, since it is Ethernet cables ran here, you'll just need to get different punch down block in the main box. So where all the Ethernet cables are centrally ran, you'd pull out that phone distribution block and replace it with the linked block and re-punch down each Ethernet cable to the block. You would then add a cable modem and router to this same area and then all the Ethernet cables would patch into the router's Ethernet ports.

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> What could I do with the two Coax ports? One is definitely for cable, but it seems to me there's a need for some kind of audio or video connectivity option since there's a panel behind the TV. Also around the TV are pre-wired surround sound panels that lead to a spot just above one of the weird double coax panels.

The double coax is for OTA antenna. Do you have an outside TV antenna on this house by chance? Or maybe in the attic of the house?

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Basically what the previous owner probably had was Satellite TV + OTA antenna. That is why you see two runs of coax at TV locations in the home.

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Really not much else you can do with them unless you want to take advantage of OTA antenna as well at cable TV.

Some patch panels mount to the wall:
https://www.amazon.com/INTELLINET-12-Port-Wall-mount-Compatible-162470/dp/B0009JGJF2
Some are made to mount in a network rack, but there are ways to mount these to a wall as well.
https://www.amazon.com/TRENDnet-Unshielded-Wallmount-Rackmount-Compatible/dp/B0000AZK72