Reddit mentions of Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics (Dover Books on Mathematics)

Hartshorne's Geometry: Euclid and Beyond is a much more readable book compared to his other well-known work.

In addition to Needham, I've heard very good things about Remmert's Theory of Complex Functions for its use of history and Wegert's Visual Complex Functions for its visual approach to complex analysis, similar to but perhaps more rigorous than Needham. Kenji Ueno's three-volume A Mathematical Gift is similar in its intuitive explanations, but it covers various topics in mathematics as opposed to just complex analysis and can act as a nice introduction or as light reading (yes, he has another three-volume work on AG). I can also recommend Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics by Howard Eves for its breezy overview of the foundations of mathematics, for anyone interested in that.

Edit: Links

There are also some nice books on calculus, such as Excursions in Calculus by Robert M. Young and New Horizons in Geometry by Mamikon A. Mnatsakanian and Tom M. Apostol (of Calculus and Analytic Number theory fame).

This one is pretty good. I used it during undergrad:

http://www.amazon.com/dp/048669609X/ref=cm_sw_r_tw_s_awdm_IfxNxbFJS9ZQS

The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy is a gem. It contains articles on any topic of relevance to philosophers, typically with a great deal of attention paid to the history.

You will likely want to look at modal logic. Apparently this is a good introduction.

As for history, this book and this book will be very, very good.

There are a number of excellent (scholarly) survey articles on certain subjects within the philosophy and history of mathematics, but I would need more specific guidelines on what you'd like to learn, and what you know.

Finally, if you dig through the archives of the n-category cafe you can find some interesting posts and discussion from working mathematicians and philosophers of math... You will have to do some digging, as most of what's there is pure math or mathematical physics, but the more philosophical posts have wonderful discussions.

I was researching this topic a while ago and, Eves' Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics came up as a popular choice. I bought the book, but I can't say I've ever gotten around to reading it so maybe someone else can vouch for it.

On a related note, now that you've reminded me of the book I'll definitely have to read it over break. Thanks stranger =)

I know just the book that you need but its name escapes me. This is a placeholder for when I get home and can check the bookshelf.

EDIT: Here you are: Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics

Concepts of Modern Mathematics by Ian Stewart is an excellent book about modern math. As is Foundations and Fundamental Concepts of Mathematics by Howard Eves I would recommend these two along with the far more expensive Naive Set Theory by Halmos