Reddit mentions of Gamakatsu 25 Pack Octopus Hook (Black, 6/0) (02416-25)

I'm with those who say stay away from telescoping rods. A two piece 6.5' isn't too bad to carry around when camping.

The most-universal combo you could get would be a 30/3000 series spinning reel and a 6.5-7' 2-piece Medium power fast action rod.

30/3000, 25/2500, 40, 60, etc, all refer to general sizes of the reels, with the bigger numbers being bigger, except a 25 is the same as a 2500, different manufacturers have different conventions.

This will allow you to do most freshwater fishing and a little saltwater.

I can't really recommend a specific cheaper combo but most major manufacturers are okay. If you want to fish salt look at Penn reels, they're made for it. The Battle II is popular though I've never used it.

Weights- those are fine for split shot. Depending on what fishing you do you may want more variety later, like a slip-sinker which slides on the line.

Hooks- those are actually circle hooks, I know they say octopus but that's a little misleading in this case. Those are probably fine but are limiting to bait fishing mostly. Regular octopus hooks are a little different and are more universal. Both are better at certain things. Size matters. A variety pack with different sizes may be good to get you going. Looking at stuff in the store often helps. What fish you are fishing for matters. Bass hooks are larger than trout hooks.

The snap swivels, sure. They are one of the most popular useless items. You don't need one most of the time, though there are situations where you do. I'd say that both regular swivels, without the snap, and snaps without the swivels are more useful. But this depends on what fishing you want to do.

The floats are the universal panfish floats. They work. They aren't the best. But it depends. In fishing... it all depends. What you have here is a good list for basic panfish fishing. Drifting bait from 2 to 6 feet under a bobber. You can even get some other species this way, put on a big hook and a minnow and get pike or bass. So it's a good place to start, but I'd also recommend some lures. A shallow running jerkbait like a Husky Jerk will attract a lot of things. Basic black / silver is always a good place to start, so is perch color. But it depends.

I'd say think about a different combo, get some regular hooks, circle hooks are good too... I mean if you keep fishing you'll end up with many many kinds of hooks. This is a hobby that tends to accumulate stuff. Stuff you haven't seen in 20 years but you still know where it is just in case you go back to that one lake...