Reddit mentions: The best medical anatomy books

I'll just add here.

It seems intimidating at first. But it builds up just like math.

Personally, I really recommend Cambell's Biology as an introductory text. It is really great to start with. It explains things well, and maintains simplicity in explanations without sacrificing complexity at your level.

There is a big difference in how one studies biology vs mathematics. Mathematics is pretty much all problems, and thinking about those problems and concepts. Biology you generally don't have access to huge problem sets. You're lucky to find 30 multiple choice problems/chapter. It is mainly thinking about concepts in depth, over and over again critically, and memorizing details.

There are many ways of memorizing. The classic way many undergrads will do initially just memorize words. I think the best way is active learning. Ex: understanding exactly why things pass through the phospholipid bilayer and the various mechanisms they do(passive diffusion, primary and secondary active transport etc.) will allow you to predict whether things will pass through or not. I remember in my undergraduate cell biology class. My professor would mention an random molecule. Then we'd have to predict based on chemical structure if it would go through or not.

In biology things repeat themselves over and over again.

If you want to get into neuroscience texts. I'd recommend just getting through cambell's biology, and preferably a basic knowledge of chemistry as well. This will allow you to critically think about biology better. Truthfully, it is hard to truly understand why things happen unless you take organic chem and biochem. however you aren't trying to be a biologist or physician. So you can go as far as you feel you need to go.

If you need help I am a doctor and biomedical engineer. So I can certainly provide some assistance.

In biology, general study methods are...

Compare and Contrast Similar and Disimilar topics. You get a better conceptual understanding between hemidesmosomes, desomosomes, gap junctions, tight junctions and all of these cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions by comparing and contrast

Understand the chemistry behind why something happens. This may not make sense now, but if you know where ATP and ADP+Pi cycles occur in kinesins and dyneins, you will understand why each is attracted to opposinmg electrochemical polarities.

Learn words as images. When someone saids something like axon hillock, a picture should pop into your head. It makes it much easier to learn things if you visualize it in biology.

Biology is probably one of the few areas of science where things are ALWAYS changing. What we knew 5 years ago may not be the same today. So getting an up to date textbook is important. If it is older than like 3-4 years, it is probably not worth getting with some exceptions.
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Here are some texts I recommend

Basic Biology: https://www.amazon.com/Campbell-Biology-10th-Jane-Reece/dp/0321775651/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1484097281&sr=8-1&keywords=campbell+biology

Biophysics: https://www.amazon.com/Biological-Physics-New-David-Goodsell/dp/0716798972/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1484097568&sr=8-1&keywords=Biophysics

-I think this text is probably the best for you to start with since you have a mathematics background and the book takes a mathematics/physics approach to biology rather than a biology approach to physics/math. So you may enjoy this to start. Read the comments and evaluate yourself I suppose.

Cell Biology: https://www.amazon.com/Cell-Molecular-Approach-Seventh/dp/160535290X/ref=sr_1_11?
ie=UTF8&qid=1484097587&sr=8-11&keywords=Cell+Biology

-Everyone has different preferences for cell biology texts. It is such an up and coming field that there really is no best text. Personally this is one of my favorites. The images are beautiful, the explanations are as fantastic as they are going to be. This is a heavy duty text and is probably a sophomore/junior biology text. So don't go through this before Campbell. It also takes an experimental approach. Read them. Experiments in biology are like proofs in math. It's important to understand how we discovered something.

Neuroscience: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0071390111/ref=wl_it_dp_o_pC_nS_ttl?_encoding=UTF8&colid=3QI2HWYNLVU1I&coliid=I1OCX5XH50BMBO

This is my favorite. I have it on my shelf right now. Great reference for me as a physician if I need to review some neuro concept I have forgotten. A lot of my neurosurgery/neurology colleagues swear by it.

Neuroanatomy: https://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-Illustrated-Colour-Text-5e/dp/0702054054/ref=sr_1_4?ie=UTF8&qid=1484098053&sr=8-4&keywords=Neuroanatomy

This is my favorite as a sole neuroanatomy text. however Netter's Anatomy is my absolute favorite anatomical text, the pictures are gorgeous especially neuroanatomy. however for someone like you, a dedicated neuroanatomy text may or may not be necessary. It is generally a text intended for clinicians, however anatomy is anatomy lol.

I hope I offered some resources to get you started!

I think you should find out exactly what he is, if you can get your hands on a business card that would be great, or if you can search him on the internet. There are many different practices that are similar to chiro.

Most of the careers involve a good length schooling program, they aren't just something you can go an apprentice in.

And if you can go somewhere with a longer/heavier course load, the better. Body work is one profession where I think it really pays off to get as much information as possible.

If you're really interested about going down this path, whether its dealing with muscles, bones, soft tissue, energy patterns.. whatever, I recommend you get a book and start to get familiar with your human anatomy. If you can have a firm grasp on high school cellular biology.. that is great too.. if you suck at bio, maybe get some tutoring or just brush up on it.

Here are 2 good little books that can help to build your knowledge base, i recommend getting them :) They aren't filled with a bunch of medical language so they are easy to interpret. They are good for newbies

Book #1 - helps to understand human anatomy, and a good grasp on some medical terminology

Book #2 - explains all the systems in the body - their structures fuctions ect. As well as great pictures

Thanks! I highly recommend New Masters Academy, they have a free trial and also Cyber Monday sale ($11/month for 3 months). I'm not sponsored by them but they are by far the best resource for anatomy I've come across. I recommend going through Rey Bustos's Anatomy first, then Glenn Vilppu, then Steve Huston once you know your muscles.

As for books, Thieme's Anatomy is great, and Bridgman's Anatomy is also great (bridgman only if you're more advanced though otherwise it'll confuse you). All other anatomy books are pretty lackluster tbh, compared to having an instructor teach you. I've actually talked to Glenn Vilppu in person and he recommends medical anatomy books + observing the body and coming to your own conclusions, over artists' anatomy books.

Observe how the body works as a machine, for example observe how body weight is applied to the legs. Or how your thigh bone always sits at a 15 degree angle when standing. Or how there's a slight inward curve to your shinbones. Or how your inner ankle sits higher than outer. Lots of details like that add so much to believable anatomy.

Do lots of figure drawings, know your muscles and bones and where things attach, and you'll be set :)

edit: one thing NOT to do - is to spam figure drawings without knowing your muscles/attachments/bones. I did this for 1-2 years, and ended up with the before picture. Get your anatomy knowledge first then go into figure drawing KNOWING your stuff. You'll learn way quicker.

It may be a bit specific/higher level than you are looking for as I used it in medical school, but I really liked Nolte's The Human Brain. It is a very readable and interesting text but may be more specific than what you are looking for (I may be able to scrounge up a pdf if you PM me)

Aside from that I also highly recommend Purves as others have. Another good one that deals with more of the brain behavior link and neuropsych side is Biological Psychology by Kalat.

Best of luck! I was a neuroscience undergrad and loved it.

Edit: look for used or one edition old if you want to buy them - will save you a lot

I'm not a doctor but a medical writer who has been obsessed with medicine since I was a kid. Hmm, let me throw out some stuff...

YouTube is a treasure trove. Hank Green's SciShow is an excellent place to start. He's the nerdy, passionate science teacher we all deserve to have.

ZDoggMd makes video parodies that are also suitable for kids. He rewords pop songs with a medical education message.

Medicalstudent.com is a collection of free medical textbooks. Still one of the best-curated lists and non-commercial.

Textbooks can't be beat for learning the fundamentals. Most texts aren't appropriate for children, but the "Made Ridiculously Simple" series is an exception. These books are for med students and it break key concepts down with cartoony illustrations. Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple is the best, IMO.

Netter's anatomy flashcards are awesome. They aren't cheap, but I bet your daughter would love them.

This should satisfy your daughter for a week or two. ;)

1. Eat your pancakes every day. If you don't know what I mean, watch this video.
   
2. Use flashcards. Anki or Firecracker. Pick one (don't do both!) and stick with it. Here's the medical school Anki subreddit. Here's the Firecracker page. Anki is free, but that has it's issues. Firecracker is expensive, but you get some good stuff with it (including an NBME Anatomy practice exam).
   
3. Use a Pomodoro timer. Google it. I follow the basic scheme of 25 on/5 off, with a 30 minute break after 4 Pomodoros. I usually work through my 5 minute breaks but always take the 30 minute break.
   
4. For Anatomy → acquire a copy of the Gray's Anatomy Review book and do all the questions. All of them. Use the UMich anatomy website for more help.
   
5. For Histology → I sort of floundered through this class so I don't have much advice to give other than don't just memorize the picture, understand what you are looking at.
   
6. Treat it like a full-time job that has overtime. You're expected to work 8-5 knowing that you'll also have to work from 5pm-8pm.
   
7. I cannot emphasize this enough - lots of cocaine! - Just kidding, I saw this on a meme elsewhere and wanted to throw this in.
   
   ​
   
   Are you by chance going to a school in the south? Perhaps one dedicated to Honest Abe?

The suggestion I have been making lately to prospective students is to buy a book on the autonomic nervous system. This book would be a great introduction to the system you will aspire to become an expert on. This is not a textbook that will teach you anesthesia, but it is an introduction to the arena you will be responsible for one day. It will also make you a better ICU nurse until you are accepted into school. Yes, it is a simplified version of the ANS, but it also makes it easier to pick up and read, especially when you do not have to read! Good luck on your adventure!

I'm currently taking anatomy and the [High Yield Anatomy] (https://www.amazon.com/High-YieldTM-Gross-Anatomy-High-Yield-Ronald/dp/1451190239/ref=dp_ob_title_bk) has been a life saver.

It's the best: concise & practical. Much better than BRS, much better than my textbook (Moore's.)

Standalone it's not enough though. I would complement it with an Atlas, Netter's is what I'm using, and practice questions. I like Gray's.

Kaplan lecture videos have been immensely helpful in understanding both the anatomy & embryology. I recommend them immensely. But if you don't want to opt for a subscription, the Noted Anatomist on YouTube will help you digest the High Yield review book. (I would opt for the subscription though.)

Our Med school's anatomy and embryology course is not only conjoined, but lasts a total of three-months. So if you want to cram anatomy, yet learn it well, consider what I write.

Best of luck :)

This is a good question to ask, and I have hope for you simply because you asked.

Sometimes, moderation is the answer. Being a male dom/sadist myself, I would never tell you not to do what you do. I only imply that the human body has limits. For example, do an intense cutting scene only for special occasions, or perhaps on a schedule. Looking forward to making her bleed each month is better than looking forward to bills each month. And for special occasions: I once carved a heart into my girlfriend's back for a valentine.

For taking care of your sub: look into first aid and other medical practices. Go buy Grey's Anatomy (the actual text book not the show). Take a class on suturing. If you can find a kink event in your area, see if they have a class on medical play. Learn what it is that you and your sub enjoy about cutting. You may be cutting deeper than necessary. Often times, the adrenaline rush from a little cut is just as good as a big slash. If it's the blood itself, then learn to draw blood like a nurse. I know several people that do blood play this way. Draw blood before the scene. During the scene, you can use a big scary knife covered in her blood without physically hurting her. Blindfold her, and drag the knife across her chest while dripping blood along the way. Trust me, she'll be too high to know the difference.

TLDR: learn first aid, go to a kink event and speak with a professional one-on-one

I don't really know what's a freshman, but try Pocket Atlas of Human Anatomy and Color Atlas of Physiology.

They are like the little (somewhat unknown) brothers of the other recommended here, but they can become extremely useful. When I need to understand something I go to the small, easy to handle, simple books, and once I've understood that, I dig in the others to get more information.

If you want something bigger, Gray's Anatomy for Students and Prometheus are simply great. In Physiology... I've never really liked Guyton, but it's a good book.

The latter makes more sense. I haven't looked up actual literature on it. It's just something two different physiology PhD professors said during our physiology course. In the text books it refers to just during the actual course of exercise, and inferred long time increase in blood pressure but it was a bit ambiguous. Experimentally, your blood pressure does go up during exercise, but surprisingly it's not much (less than you would think) or not anything to be concerned about, since during dynamic exercises due to the "muscle pump" and "respiratory pump" you are still getting a good venous return and overall your total peripheral resistance doesn't change much (since you have vasodilated in active muscle tissue and vasoconstricted in the GI and/or inactive muscle), therefore your pressure hasn't changed much.

The problem the textbooks talk about with isometric exercise is that now you're not utilizing the "muscle pump" (which I should define here as active contracting and relaxing skeletal muscle will help pump blood back in the veins for venous return). In an isometric exercise you now have a contracted muscle that is increasing resistance to flow in the veins, and also adding resistance to the arteries, while your body is doing its normal "I'm exercising" response causing vasoconstriction in the GI and other less oxygen demanding tissue so to maintain your blood pressure while vasodilating in the active muscle tissue, but the isometrically active muscle is now causing a large increase in total periphery resistance, so to maintain flow (Q = P/R, so in terms of cardiovascular physiology Cardiac Output = Mean Arterial Blood Pressure / Total Peripheral Resistance) the body has to increase blood pressure. there's a good description of this from this amazing textbook

I don't feel comfortable commenting on if this causes a long term effect, since I admittedly don't know, but I agree with you that it is probably more concerning with someone with underlying cardiovascular issues.

The hand book of NSG is a must

Neurocritical Care is a must if you have a MICU/SICU

Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases is a good textbook which focuses on all the major points and many fine details you will need to know as you go through your career. I use this book when I make lectures.

You'll also want to read some review articles on ICP management, vasospasm dx and tx following SAH, hypertonic saline, neuro imaging.

There are some youtube videos that will help get you started with imaging:

For Head CT

For C-spine CT

For MRI in general

For Lumbar MRI

I recommend referring back to these resources as you see patients with the afflictions as it will help it stick. If you just read about things without using them in practice I think you'll find it is easily forgotten. Best of luck!

Also, the pictures on this website are kinda crappy quality and it's an old flash based thing, but it's pretty helpful too: http://act.downstate.edu/courseware/haonline/quiz.htm It's obviously no replacement for spending time in lab, but it's nice and has a LOT more pictures than U-mich (again, not as high quality though).

Also, Grays anatomy questions (this book: https://www.amazon.com/Grays-Anatomy-Review-Marios-Loukas/dp/0443069387 ) and Lippincott (this book: https://www.amazon.com/Lippincotts-Illustrated-Review-Anatomy-Embryology/dp/1605473154 ) are really good for multiple choice questions. Grays questions are harder, but if you the questions from both of those books you'll be pretty well prepared for written anatomy exams.

If you want the standard sequence of Neuroscience textbooks, there is a rough ordering of 3 common books. Each are very comprehensive and more than you would likely be able to read cover to cover, but they get more sophisticated and comprehensive as you go. The last one specifically is essentially the bible of neuroscience and you will be hard pressed to find a more comprehensive coverage of any of the topics outside a specialised textbooks or research papers.

These books will cover the general overview of neuroanatomy, physiology, pharmacology and pathology but if you want to go further in depth, there are more advanced books for each of those and dozens of other subfields.

1. Purves - Neuroscience
   
2. Bear - Neuroscience: Exploring the Brain
   
3. Kandel - Principles of Neural Science
   
   I would specifically recommend Nolte - The human brain: an introduction to its functional anatomy as an exceptional example of a specialised text. Unfortunately, I do not recall the neurpharmacology text that I used, but it was very good too. I shall look it up and get back to you! For a more general introduction to pharmacology, the standard text is Rand and Dale - Pharmacology.

His descriptions of what happens in people with "split brains" is pretty accurate. It's truly fascinating what happens when you separate parts of the brain. (By far the coolest in my opinion is left-sided hemi neglect, where the patient just does not acknowledge the left side of things existed - they will shave only the right side of their face, only draw the right side of a clock, etc.)

Most of what he discussed can be found in most neuro textbooks. As far as the "who is you" part of the question, I think that's best found in the philosophy section.

If you're interested in a specific textbook, I've enjoyed (as much as one can enjoy medical school) the neuroanatomy through clinical cases book

Let me explain why I brought up dyslexia as a common comorbidity of having problems expressing yourself and adhd, but first lets talk about language. I will get back to dyslexia and ADHD. Do note while my post is long, I provide lots of links to pictures.

I am going to be using a lot of images from a biology textbook called Biological Psychology: An Introduction to Behavorial, Cognitive, and Clinical Neuroscience. Mostly from Chapter 19 which deals with language, while I am going to provide specific images you may find it useful to read the visual summary if you want more info.

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs19.html

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Put simply to do language you are going to use multiple regions of the brain together as a circuit. See here

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/vs1905.png

You are going to use areas in the back of the brain tied to vision, then you are going to pass that information to a multisensory processing area where your brain combines the senses and figures out what to do (aka you are forming the visual images in your mind before you think of the words that correspond to the visual images). You are then going to pass the information once again to a multisensory processing area but this area is more auditory based, followed by you passing the information to a specific area of the frontal lobe that is very close to the prefrontal areas which is tied to language, but also attention, sequencing of data, and response inhibition (stopping impulsivity) but also activation (aka release the brake and now go). This information is then passed to premotor and supplementary motor areas which is then passed to the motor areas. And during all these steps there are inbetween fine tunning by the subcortical brain areas such as the cerebellum and the basal ganglia.

Now I was trying to explain all of that without using medical terms but here is the names for those brain areas

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/lowres/BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-19-07-0.jpg


 

 

And here is a diagram that compares speaking a heard word and speaking a word you read off a piece of paper. When you are composing inside of your head without mental feedback and you are imaging what you are going to say your thought process looks more like speaking a word you read off a piece of paper for you use more of the visual areas to visualize in your mind's eye what you are going to do and say.

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/lowres/BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-19-09-0.jpg


 

 

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Now we know things like head injuries and lesions to specific brain injuries to specific brain injuries can all disrupt speech but if the area is localized to specific regions you may only have some problems with certain aspects of language. When language problems are caused by some form of trauma we call this aphasia.

http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs19/artWin.html?BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Table-19-01-0.jpg


 

 

And people with different types of aphasia may have different problems. Like a person with expressive aphasia may know what they want to say and they can draw what they want to say but they can't find the words for it. While people with receptive aphasia have problems understanding language. Now receptive aphasia can be more than this where people accidentally skip words in their explanations that are crucial in the sentence, or they have anomia where they know what they want to say (the word is on the tip of their tongue) but they can't remember it, or they do an unintentional word subsitution subsituting another word with a similar sound or meaning, sometimes they mess up not the grammar of the sentence but the word tense, or use the wrong pronoun (like her vs she)

• A subtype of this with additional issues with the left and right half of the back of the brain not talking as well as they should is Dysprosody sometimes called foreign accent syndrome for you do not talk with the local accent / family accent. People with dysprosody have problems with the timing of sounds and things like rhythm, cadence, pitch, and movement of words. They can't tell when you are inflecting or not. This is quite important for they do not get a lot of important information in communication such as emotional tone and inflection which can rapidly changing the meaning of something. Most humans are annoyed by synthetic computer speak for it just sounds wrong, now imagine if everyone spoke like that and you were not familiar with what most of us would consider normal speaking.
  
   
  
   
  
  Now all of these issues I described were studied in people with head injuries. That said we see much the same pattern of behavior with many different types of disorders, one of which is autism, but another of which and is completely separate is dyslexia.
  
  Now with dyslexia many brain regions are implicated and some of them are the same areas I have shown above
  
  http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs19.html (go to slide 6)
  
  In many forms of dyslexia you are not using the back of the brain areas tied with the early visual information which is passed to the angular gyrus which is passed to the wernicke area. See picture
  
  http://www.hoperesourcecentre.com/wp-content/uploads/Brain-Illustration-CellfieldCanada.jpg
  
  And you are trying to compensate for all of this information with actually using more of the frontal lobe to compensate for these areas. Well the frontal lobe is not designed to do such a thing its arrangement and types of nerve cells are different.
  
   
  
   
  
  Now its not just that picture I showed you, its also some of the subcortical areas such as these areas I am about to post here
  
  http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs18/artWin.html?BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-18-15-0.jpg
  
  Involving the thalamus and an area known as the pulvinar, as well as certain areas of the brainstem, and certain areas of the cerebellum mainly vermis 6 and vermis 7 (often labeled VI and VII)
  
  http://www.frontiersin.org/files/Articles/156522/fnins-09-00296-HTML/image_m/fnins-09-00296-g002.jpg
  
  These parts of the cerebellum are used for multiple functions but they are often called the occular motor areas of the cerebellum. They are also involved with the control of attention and shifting smoothing from one object to another for one of the purposes of the cerebellum is to "fill in the blanks" between gaps. Imagine you were watch a film but instead of watching a video you were seeing slide by slide, well the cerebellum along with the thalamus and brain stem regions are used in the predicition of what is going to happen next and smooth movements of the eyes, while other areas in the frontal lobe are more involved with figuring out these things are important so why don't we set this as the new priority of what to look at and the rest of the brain figures out how best to move there.
  
  https://kin450-neurophysiology.wikispaces.com/file/view/SACCCAAADDDEEESSS.jpeg/393831860/480x346/SACCCAAADDDEEESSS.jpeg
  
   
  
   
  
  Now if you have not probably figured out there is a connection to all of these brain regions with ADHD. Some ADHD people have these issues, but if you have these issues you are also more likely to have ADHD.
  
  If you look at the previous chapter 18 of Biological Psychology you will see this picture on slide 6
  
  http://7e.biopsychology.com/vs/vs18/artWin.html?BIOPSYCHOLOGY7e-Fig-18-16-0.jpg
  
  There are two attention networks here. The top attention network is known as the frontal parietal control network where it controls and and it also modulates the dorsal attention/perception network. While a second bottom network in orange involves the frontal lobe and connects to areas shared both with the temporal lobe and the parietal lobe where they meet and the surrounding areas, this bottom attention network is more with detecting new things and novel things, while the top network keeps you on track and looks for the goals held within working memory to solve the problems.
  
  If you have not noticed the same areas of the brain that make it hard to express onceself with language, are also the same areas that are common in dyslexia, and are the intersection of two of key networks tied with attention (now there are more than those two networks I just showed you with ADHD but now you understand why there is a connection.)
  
  (Now most of pictures I linked to came from Biological Psychology by Breedlove and Watson, this is an introductory college text meant for undergraduate use. It will not go into all the stuff involving the brain with attention and such, other books made by the same publishing company (Sinaeur) but done by other authors are better if you are mainly wanting to talk about attention instead of language such as
  
  Sensation and Perception
  
  Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases
  
  Dale Purves Neuroscience 5th Edition
  
  And Principles of Cognitive Neuroscience

If you get the slide box, I'd definitely recommend getting a good histology atlas to go along with it. Looking at the sections is cool, but you'll appreciate what you are seeing 100x more if you know what you are looking at! And trust me, there is a LOT more going on in a tiny slice of cells than you'd ever imagine! This is the one I used: http://www.amazon.com/Wheaters-Review-Histology-Basic-Pathology/dp/0702030457/ref=sr_1_2?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1322483274&sr=1-2 However you could probably save a few bucks and go with another atlas. Basic histology hasn't changed too much in the last 20 years.

I can tell you are very passionate about this topic, and it's great for clitoral anatomy to have such a strong supporter. However, what I think you may be experiencing is not doctors disagreeing with the importance of understanding female anatomy, but rather doctors finding it unexpected for a layperson to speak at such length and with such passion about a niche medical topic that was only related to the original subject in the most peripheral way. There's a difference between the person who is an effective advocate and the one who has an axe to grind.

> Laypeople who believed me, as I show evidence (screenshots of illustrations and photos of cadaver dissections) and offer 10k to anyone who can find the neural anatomy of the clitoris shown and described in a single OB/GYN textbook, were called "degenerates."

Regarding your 10k offer, I'm not sure why you aren't counting this book: https://www.amazon.com/Anatomic-Study-Clitoris-Bulbo-Clitoral-Organ/dp/3319048937

Don't bother, you'll get enough of it in med school haha.

As far as I know, one of the gold standards for anatomy is the Frank H Netter material. There's a nice Atlas of Human Anatomy (keep in mind an atlas usually doesn't have information about the functions of any anatomy, just the names), and study cards (even referenced here).

Gray's Anatomy is good (obviously), but really long. The student's version may be shorter/more manageable.

My undergrad class used Grant's Atlas of Anatomy/Grant's Dissector, and a Human Anatomy textbook. They were not bad as well. Anatomy material is always pretty dry.

If you can, maybe see what your school uses? That way you won't start reading and then have to switch to a different book (though I suppose extra reading is never a bad thing).

And congrats again on getting into med school!

>I have never heard anyone say that a zygote is a individual organism, it isn't a distinct species, its simply a stage of early fetus development in humans.

At this point you're just arguing genetics with genetics textbooks and other reputable sources that agree, a distinct human being is created at fertilization:

1. “A zygote [fertilized egg] is the beginning of a new human being.”
   
   1. Keith L. Moore’s The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2003)
      
2. “[The zygote], formed by the union of an oocyte and a sperm, is the beginning of a new human being.”
   
   1. Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2008, p. 2)
      
3. “Fertilization is an important landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new, genetically distinct human organism is thereby formed[.]”
   
   1. Human Embryology & Teratology (Ronan R. O’Rahilly, Fabiola Muller [New York: Wiley-Liss, 1996], 5-55)
      
4. “Although life is a continuous process, fertilization … is a critical landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new genetically distinct human organism is formed when the chromosomes of the male and female pronuclei blend in the oocyte.”
   
   1. Ronan O’Rahilly and Fabiola Miller, Human Embryology and Teratology [3rd edition, New York: Wiley-Liss, 2001, p. 8]
      
5. “Embryo: The developing individual between the union of the germ cells and the completion of the organs which characterize its body when it becomes a separate organism. … At the moment the sperm cell of the human male meets the ovum of the female and the union results in a fertilized ovum (zygote), a new life has begun[.]”
   
   1. Considine, Douglas [ed.], Van Nostrand’s Scientific Encyclopedia, 5th edition, New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, 1976, p. 943
      
6. “Almost all higher animals start their lives from a single cell, the fertilized ovum (zygote)[.] … The time of fertilization represents the starting point in the life history, or ontogeny, of the individual.”
   
   1. Carlson, Bruce M. Patten’s Foundations of Embryology, 6th edition, New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996, p. 3
      
7. “To accept the fact that after fertilization has taken place a new human has come into being is no longer a matter of taste or opinion … it is plain experimental evidence. Each individual has a very neat beginning, at conception.”
   
   1. “Father of Modern Genetics” Dr. Jerome Lejeune Congressional Testimony
      
8. “Zygote: The single-celled organism that results from the joining of the egg and sperm.”
   
   1. Planned Parenthood
      
9. "The sperm and egg merge to form a little single-celled organism called a zygote, which consists of the 23 chromosomes from the man's sperm and the 23 chromosomes from the female's egg.”
   
   1. HowStuffWorks
      
10. “Zygote : fertilized egg; one-celled organism;”
    
    1. Oklahoma School of Math and Science
       
11. "Organism, being a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently"
    
    1. Hyperdictionary.com
       
12. "Conception and Fertilization! The egg and sperm meet, creating a single cell organism called a zygote."
    
    1. Pregnancy.org
       
13. "The egg and sperm will meet, creating a single cell organism called a zygote "
    
    1. Maternity Corner
       
14. "When sperm reaches and is able to fertilize a female's egg, the first building block of life is created in the form of a one-cell organism called a zygote."
    
    1. Ehow.com
       
15. "Upon the uniting of a sperm and an ovum, a single celled organism called a “zygote” is formed. This single celled organism consists of 23 pairs of chromosomes, in other words, 46 single chromosomes, of which 23 are inherited from father and the remaining 23 are inherited from the mother. "
    
    1. Educational Weblog
       
16. "If a woman has intercourse around the time of ovulation, one sperm cell out of millions of sperm that are deposited into the vagina, may fertilize the egg within the fallopian tube. The result is a single-celled organism called a zygote."
    
    1. Basic Reproductive Biology for Lawyers ; Anne Borkowski, MD
       
17. http://prolifemn.blogspot.com/2012/03/why-human-zygote-is-organism-and-why-it.html
    
18. https://lozierinstitute.org/a-scientific-view-of-when-life-begins/
    
    ​
    
    >There are no positives for your altered definition, and its definitely not how the terminology is used in the scientific or medical field.
    
    I literally just gave the biggest positive for why I would like to use my definition. The second reason is that it's not alerted, but rather the proper definition and I don't like it when helpful definitions are hijacked.

>There's been evidence that the brain initiates a response prior to the stimulus that would elicit that response occurring. Don't have the study/research at the moment, but it came up when I was studying philosophy. It's interesting if nothing else.

Ironically it is not I who has misunderstood. The OP was referring to the "Phasic responses of DA neurons" and rather than take the time to understand the subject matter...

Practical Guide for Clinical Neurophysiologic Testing

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases

Neuroanatomy in Clinical Context: An Atlas of Structures, Sections, Systems, and Syndromes

Instead he/she labels the study (which is a work of conjecture) to be 100% factual and the authority on the matter and sees fit to then begin translating this information to another subject entirely. Much in the same way that a motorcycle enthusiastic might try to apply rocket science to his/her craft.

There is a world of difference between practicing science and claiming that you practice science. I was not dismissing a study because it was mentioned in a philosophy class- I was dismissing a study because it was mentioned 'By Philosophers'.

Neuroanatomy through clinical cases- Blumenfield

http://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-Through-Clinical-Interactive-Blumenfeld/dp/0878936130

this is THE book for neuroanatomy. I sat down read the whole thing for my neurology clerkship and got 99th percentile on the shelf, wish I had used this thing in first year - its money. Yes its a text book but if you get through it especially the clinical cases at the end of capters , you'll know the foundations cold- all important for anything neuro related that comes after M1 since clinical neurology is pretty tied, unlike alot of the other fields to its groundwork basics.

If you just want to see anatomy anatomy, its got good pics and cross sections too.

Netter's Atlas if you just want a big book with lots of great drawings of everything.

The text book has all the background information and clinical correlations, but often not as many, or smaller images. Netter's Clinical Anatomy is good if you want something a bit slimmer and simpler that still has all the basic anatomy. If you want something more beefy I highly recommend Moore's Clinical Oriented Anatomy. It's a big book, but it has everything in it you could want.

Netter's Atlas

Netter's Clinical

Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy

OP You said your problem was on application style questions, if this is true, I have a solution for you.

Buy this book and use it!

http://www.amazon.com/Grays-Anatomy-Review-STUDENT-CONSULT/dp/0323277888/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

The questions are absolutely fantastic and will definitely help you do better on application style questions on your next anatomy exam. Anki is good for memorizing, but these questions help you apply the information to clinical scenarios. I used this and did extremely well in my anatomy class.

The Anatomy/Physiology Coloring book is pretty great especially for self-study: http://www.amazon.com/The-Anatomy-Coloring-Book-Edition/dp/0321832019

The absolute best in anatomy diagrams is Netter's Atlas of Human Anatomy, I prefer the flashcards: http://www.amazon.com/Netters-Anatomy-Flash-Cards-Student/dp/0323185959

There's a big difference between a frog and a human when you're talking about ethics. At the beginning of the class our professors stressed what an amazing gift the donors gave us by allowing us to study their bodies. I think one of the main fears was that a student might do something stupid and post a picture of themselves in the lab to Facebook or Twitter with some part of a cadaver's face going unnoticed in the background. No family needs to see their loved one after embalming and two months of dissection.

And while it would have been nice to take pictures to study from home, the atlases do a better job of displaying that information clearly. A picture of your cadaver's open chest wouldn't be of much use. It would require thousands upon thousands of photographs to be useful, so there's no sense doing that yourself if you can just [buy a book](http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1604067454/sr=8-1/qid=1398407148/ref=olp_product_details?ie=UTF8&me=&qid=1398407148&seller=&sr=8-1 "my personal favorite") with the work already done.

Find your style, that's my biggest advice for success. My style was to watch all the lectures at 1.7-2x speed and jot down disorganized notes and diagrams on blank printer paper. I figured out early that I learn best by allowing myself the freedom to see the big picture, and then just build intuition about a subject. Didn't use anki except for biochem.

Anatomy I didn't watch or go to the lectures, for anatomy I spent tons of time trying to draw out diagrams from memory and then doing practice questions from that grays book. That grays book is gold, I highly recommend going through all the q and a for your block. It really does ask mostly high yield things.

https://www.amazon.com/Grays-Anatomy-Review-STUDENT-CONSULT/dp/0323277888

depends on how much time you have... Kandel's text is very thorough, very detailed, and perhaps more than you'll need. Good if you're doing a PhD, or specific research. Way too much to it justice if you only have one semester in an undergrad course.

The first text is pretty common, but does not go into specific details as deeply. Still it gives plenty of information about pathways, reflexes, functions, and such.

If you are studying neuro for clinical reasons, this is a good resource as well.

Sketch out all the tracts and do a ton of practice questions. Look at the tracts you draw and imagine lesions at various parts and reason out what the clinical presentations are.

Some good resources are:

Dr Najeeb's videos (Although long but if you have the time, really helpful!)
http://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-Through-Clinical-Interactive-Blumenfeld/dp/0878936130 (this book is pretty good too)

That depends on where you're at.

For an introductory text, we used Nolte. I hated it at the time (it's not economic with the prose... as if NA isn't enough of a headache), but in retrospect it was still pretty good and I often return to it. Also bang up Scholar for review articles (if you have access) on the functional neuroanatomy of whatever region you're interested.

Much appreciated!

I actually plan to study medicine myself, and I've seen the flashcard flow chart. From your post, I take it you recommend beginning with zanki, and thus relying on Pathoma and Sketchy?

It'll be a few years until I'll start studying, but I've been thinking about—as a primer—doing Incremental Reading on these first.

• Anatomy. Atlas of Anatomy by Schuenke et al https://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Anatomy-Anne-M-Gilroy/dp/1604067454
  
• Physiology. Physiology by 5th Edition by Costanzo https://www.amazon.com/Physiology-STUDENT-CONSULT-Online-Costanzo/dp/145570847X
  
• Immunology. How the Immune System Works by Sompayrac (looks like it's written in Classic Prose) https://www.amazon.com/How-Immune-System-Works-Desktop/dp/0470657294
  
• Microbiology. Clinical Microbiology Made Ridiculously Simple by Gladwin, Trattler and Mahan https://www.amazon.com/Clinical-Microbiology-Made-Ridiculously-Simple/dp/1935660152
  
  Dunno what you think about that?

No, the fact that these things are true makes them true.

> Keith L. Moore, The Developing Human: Clinically Oriented Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2003)
>
> A zygote [fertilized egg] is the beginning of a new human being. Human development begins at fertilization, the process during which a male gamete … unites with a female gamete or oocyte … to form a single cell called a zygote. This highly specialized, totipotent cell marks the beginning of each of us as a unique individual.

---

> Before We Are Born: Essentials of Embryology (7th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Saunders, 2008, p. 2):
>
> [The zygote], formed by the union of an oocyte and a sperm, is the beginning of a new human being.

---

> Human Embryology & Teratology (Ronan R. O’Rahilly, Fabiola Muller [New York: Wiley-Liss, 1996], 5-55):
>
> Fertilization is an important landmark because, under ordinary circumstances, a new, genetically distinct human organism is thereby formed[.]

---

> T.W. Sadler, Langman’s Medical Embryology (10th edition, Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006, p. 11):
>
> Development begins with fertilization, the process by which the male gamete, the sperm, and the femal gamete, the oocyte, unite to give rise to a zygote.

There's more, but I find that going overboard on sourcing something tends to bore people rather than make the point. That an unborn human is a human and is alive is not a matter of philosophy. It is a matter of fact. What you decide with regard to those facts is a matter of philosophy, but the bare claim that unborn humans are humans and alive are facts and are settled.

Med student here. I honestly can't say whether this is layman enough, but reading through the clinical cases made this subject a lot more enjoyable.

Blumenfeld

The Blumenfeld neuroanatomy book is great, I read it during neuro residency. It goes through the anatomy as well as clinical cases.

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases https://www.amazon.com/dp/0878936130/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_V1s7CbMHQK3BT

I would recommend this book, Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases by Moore. We used it for medical school and I found it particularly useful.

This is one of the few textbooks I recommend students actually purchase and read. It's phenomenal and made neuroanatomy my favorite class during M1 year. The reviews don't lie

People love the text Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases -- https://www.amazon.com/Neuroanatomy-through-Clinical-Cases-Blumenfeld/dp/0878936130

​

You can find it much cheaper on other websites!

Netters flashcards are the best by far.

I am just about to graduate and am wrapping up my clinical time with a neurology office that I will be taking my first job at. Suggestions from the MD that I think are great:

Lange Clinical Neurology and Neuroanatomy

Neuroanatomy through Clinical Cases

HeadNeckBrainSpine

Blumenfeld's Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases is the classic text, and deservedly so.

The Human Brain Coloring Book is a fun, but surprisingly educational and detailed, resource.

Thoose are the ones i recommend:
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Neuroanatomy-Neuroscience-Glance-Roger-Barker/dp/0470657685 ;
https://www.amazon.co.uk/Neuroanatomy-Illustrated-Colour-Text-5e/dp/0702054054/ref=pd_bxgy_14_2?ie=UTF8&psc=1&refRID=QHGC1A20Q7SFNPYKBGTZ ;
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0702034479?ref_=ams_ad_dp_asin_1

If you rather want to watch some videos to brush up neuroanatomy try thoose lectures.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-8sE6RWO1w&list=PL9p9Jbmx_bu1ufaOQpsaO3RSLmlvn5C8G&index=1 ;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cq8PPqUDTSo&list=PL2FAE900505D658FE ;
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFzsmCu427I&list=PLKcA4nlXtvJbCGdOHMvHOT-6Szuq_VrTq

I'm personally a huge fan of Blumenfeld's Neuroanatomy Through Clinical Cases

It was this one. Each chapter starts kind of like an anatomy atlas in text form (I ignored that for the most part), but has good clinical correlations the second half. http://www.amazon.com/High-Yield%C2%99-Gross-Anatomy-High-Yield-Ronald/dp/1451190239/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1464041875&sr=8-1&keywords=high+yield+anatomy

Blumenfeld's book is generally really good for that kind of stuff.

In addition to your current studies, I recommend utilizing Netter's Flash Cards and Rohen's Atlas.

http://www.amazon.com/Netters-Anatomy-Flash-Cards-Student/dp/143771675X/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1376404304&sr=8-1&keywords=netter%27s+anatomy+flash+cards

http://www.amazon.com/Color-Atlas-Anatomy-Photographic-Lippincott/dp/1582558566/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1376404399&sr=8-1&keywords=Rohen%27s

The quality of the images in Gray's for students is second to none. That said, you should just get the atlas that those images are taken from http://www.amazon.com/Atlas-Anatomy-Anne-M-Gilroy/dp/1604067454/

Having done a lot of anatomy, I would say that if you need a textbook, get Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy and also get the Thieme atlas. The text in Moore's is better than Gray's, and the Thieme atlas is unmatched, even by Netter.

Like the other commenter says, you don't really need to buy a book to get that information, but if you want to, Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy is probably closer to what you're looking for.

Netter's is great.

Also, as others have said, don't study, enjoy the summer.

When you ignore us, just try to limit it to going over Netter's Flashcards: http://www.amazon.com/Netters-Anatomy-Flash-Cards-Hansen/dp/143771675X/ref=dp_ob_title_bk

Now? Clinically Oriented Anatomy

http://www.amazon.com/gp/aw/d/0878936130/ref=mp_s_a_1_1?qid=1451446323&sr=8-1&pi=AC_SX236_SY340_FMwebp_QL65&keywords=blumenfeld+neuroanatomy

I had this version and they were useless (for me) http://www.amazon.com/Netters-Anatomy-Flash-Cards-Student/dp/143771675X